Abstract:The wood anatomy and systematics study of petrified woods from the Lower Cretaceous Shahai Formation in northern Liaoning show that the petrified woods are all silicified secondary xylem of conifer gymnosperms, belonging to the taxonomic groups of Protocupressinoxylon, Protopiceoxylon and Xenoxylon respectively. The growth rings of novel materials of the current petrified woods are clear, with the early wood to late wood ratio of 0.84-64, and the annual average sensitivity of 0.23-0.3, indicating that the climate has obvious seasonal variation. The trees have a short late-wood growth time and long early-wood time span, that is, the tracheid division is strong in the growing season, and the suitable time for factors such as moisture, temperature, humidity and light last longer. The uneven width of continuous growth rings and existence of false rings reflect that the climate changed frequently at that time, and the average annual precipitation may have a great difference. It can be inferred from the growth characteristics that the Shahai Formation in northern Liaoning was generally humid during the sedimentary period, but there might be some arid-semiarid climate fluctuations. The special anatomical structures in petrified woods such as false ring, traumatic resin canal, twisted growth ring and insect hole reveal that there may be drought, wind disaster and insect pests in the then eco-environment, which are unfavorable for the growth of trees in a short time.
沈显生. 生命科学概论[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2007:1-514. Shen X S. Introduction to life sciences[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 2007:1-514.
[2]
吴祥定.树木年轮与气候变化[M].北京:气象出版社,1990:1-365. Wu X D. Tree rings and climate change[M]. Beijing:Meteorological Press, 1990:1-365. (in Chinese)
[3]
吴祥定,邵雪梅. 中国树木年轮气候学研究动态与展望[J]. 地球科学进展,1993,8(6):31-35. Wu X D, Shao X M. Status of dendroclimatological study and its prospects in China[J]. Advance in Earth Sciences, 1993, 8(6):31- 35.
[4]
Francis J E. Growth rings in Cretaceous and Tertiary wood from Antarctica and their palaeoclimatic implications[J]. Palaeontology, 1986, 29:665-684.
[5]
Morgans H S. Lower and middle Jurassic woods of the Cleveland basin (North Yorkshire), England[J]. Palaeontology, 1999, 42(2):303- 328.
[6]
Falcon-Lang H J. Growth interruptions in silicified conifer woods from the Upper Cretaceous TWO Medicine Formation, Montana, USA:implications for palaeoclimate and dinosaur Palaeoecology[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2003,199(3/4):299-314.
[7]
王永栋, 田宁, 蒋子堃, 等. 中国中生代木化石研究新进展:多样性变化及古气候波动[J]. 地学前缘, 2017, 24(1):52-64. Wang Y D, Tian N, Jiang Z K, et al. Recent advances in Mesozoic fossil wood studies in China:diversity variations and palaeoclimate implications[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2017, 24(1):52-64.
[8]
Eckhold W. Die Hoftüpfel bei rezenten und fossilen Koniferen[J]. Berlin:PreussGeolLandesanstJahrb, 1922, 42:472-505. pl.8.
[9]
Zhou Z Y, Zhang B L. A sideritic Protocupressinoxylon with insect borings and frass from the Middle Jurassic, Henan, China[J]. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 1989, 59(1/4):133-143.
[10]
郑少林,张武. 黑龙江省东部龙爪沟群及鸡西群植物化石[C]//中国地质科学院沈阳地质矿产研究所所刊,1982:227-349. Zheng S L, Zhang W. Fossil plants of the Longjogou Group and the Jixi Group in eastern Heilongjiang Province[C]//Shenyang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 1982:227-349.
[11]
斯行建, 李星学. 中国植物化石:第二册:中国中生代植物[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 1963:316-429. Si X J, Li X X. Chinese plant fossils, volume II:Mesozoic Chinese plants[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1963:316-429. (in Chinese)
[12]
杜乃正. 两种黑龙江木化石[J]. 植物学报, 1982, 24(4):383- 387. Du N Z. Two fossil woods from Heilongjiang Sheng of China[J]. Acta Botanica Sinica, 1982, 24(4):383-387.
[13]
王永栋, 张武, 斋木健一. 新疆奇台晚侏罗世几种木化石[J]. 古生物学报, 2000, 39(S1):176-185. Wang Y D, Zhang W, Saiki K. Several fossil woods from the late Jurassic of Qitai, Xinjiang[J]. Paleontology,2000,39(S1):176-185.
[14]
段淑英. 中国东北辽宁省西部几种中生代化石木[J]. 植物学报, 2000, 42(2):207-213. Duan S Y. Several fossil woods from Mesozoic of western Liaoning Province, Northeast China[J]. Acta Botanica Sinica, 2000, 42(2):207-213.
[15]
丁秋红. 黑龙江省九峰山组漠河原始云杉型木(新种)[J]. 植物学报, 2000, 17(S):206-209. Ding Q H. Protopiceoxylon mohense sp. nov. from the Jiufengshan Formation in Heilongjiang Province[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 2000, 17(S):206-209.
[16]
Duan S Y, Cui J Z, Wang X, et al. Fossil woods from the Early Cretaceous of western Liaoning, China. Ⅰ[C]//Wu S M. Wood Anatomy Research 1995. Beijing:International Academic Publishers, 1995:166-171.
[17]
深圳市城市管理局, 深圳仙湖植物园, 国土资源部沈阳地质矿产研究所. 中国木化石[M]. 北京:中国林业出版社, 2006:101-242. Shenzhen City Administration, Immortal Lake Botanical Garden, Shenyang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources. Fossil woods of China[M]. Beijing:China Forestry Press, 2006:101-242. (in Chinese)
[18]
Li N, Zhang J P, Xing L D, et al. New records of Jurassic- Cretaceous boundary Tuchengzi Formation petrified wood from Yanqing, Beijing, China:Palaeoclimatic implications[J]. Historical Biology, 2021, 33(9):1686-1696.
[19]
Creber G T. Tree rings:A natural data-storage system[J]. Biological Reviews, 1977, 52(3):349-381.
[20]
Jefferson T H. Palaeoclimatic significance of some MesozoicAntarctic fossil floras[C]//Oliver R L, Jame D R, Jago J B. Antarctic Earth Science Proceeding 5thIntSymp(Adelaide1982). Cambridge:Cambridge UnivPress, 1983:593-598.