青藏高原不同高程喀斯特地貌类型和发育特征

doi:10.13686/j.cnki.dzyzy.2024.01.014

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摘要青藏高原地区喀斯特地貌发育较为普遍. 通过查阅文献资料和系统性的研究总结,明确了不同高程下喀斯特地貌类型、发育特征均存在明显的差异. 极高海拔地区(≥ 5 000 m)喀斯特地貌可分为隆起构造山原、内陆湖盆地、内陆湖洼、内陆山原、高山冰川深谷、山原基岩型,风化剥蚀作用较强,形成较多的残留峰丛、石柱、洼地等;高海拔区(3 500~5 000 m)喀斯特地貌可分为喀斯特高山深谷型、喀斯特中高山湖泊、高山冰川深谷、隆起构造山原、内陆湖盆地、内陆湖洼型,构造-溶蚀作用强,主要发育大型宏观的峰林、峰丛洼地、溶洞、漏斗等;中海拔区(1 000~3 500 m)喀斯特地貌可以分为喀斯特高山深谷型、喀斯特中高山湖泊、山原蚀余峰丘、山原峰丘湖泊、内陆湖洼、喀斯特海岸型,构造-侵蚀作用较强,风化剥蚀相对较弱,喀斯特形态得以基本保存,主要发育微小型峰丛洼地、溶孔、溶痕和溶隙等.

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关键词 ：喀斯特地貌, 碳酸盐岩, 海拔高程, 青藏高原

Abstract：The karst geomorphology is commonly developed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Previous researchers have studied on the regional karst geomorphology, runoff zone and genesis, but fewer on the overall summary of the types and development of karst geomorphology at different elevations. On the basis of systematical study and summarization, with referring to the literature, this paper concludes that there are obvious diversities in karst geomorphologic types and development characteristics in term of different elevations. The karst geomorphology in areas of very high altitude (≥ 5000 m) can be divided into the types of uplifted tectonic plateau mountain, inland lake basin, inland lake depression, inland plateau mountain, alpine glacial valley and plateau mountain bedrock, with intensive weathering and denudation, forming numerous residual peaks, stone columns, depressions, etc. The karst geomorphology in the high altitude areas(3500-5000 m) involves karst alpine valley, karst mid-high mountain lake, alpine glacial valley, uplift tectonic plateau mountain, inland lake basin and inland lake depression types, with intensive structural dissolution, mainly developed with macro needle karsts, peak cluster depressions, karst caves and funnels. The karsts with middle altitude(1000-3500 m) are in the geomorphologic types of karst alpine valley, karst mid-mountain lake, plateau mountain erosion residual peak, plateau mountain peak lake, inland lake depression and karst coast, with intensive structural erosion and weak weathering and denudation. The karst forms are basically preserved, mainly developing small peak cluster depressions, dissolved holes, dissolved marks and dissolved fissures. This study is expected to provide guidance and reference for the research of rational utilization of surface water resources, geological disaster control, geomorphology and landscape, as well as the major engineering construction in karst mountain areas of the plateau.

Key words： karst geomorphic types carbonate rock altitude Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

收稿日期: 2023-06-15

PACS:

P642.25

基金资助:国家科技重大专项专题"四川盆地下二叠统成藏条件与成藏主控因素研究"(2016ZX05007004-002).

通讯作者: 林小兵(1980-),男,博士,讲师,从事储层地质学研究,通信地址四川省成都市成华区二仙桥东三路1号,E-mail//linxiao bing 07@cdut.edu.cn E-mail: linxiao bing 07@cdut.edu.cn

作者简介: 高康(1999-),男,硕士研究生,从事地质工程研究,通信地址四川省成都市成华区二仙桥东三路1号,E-mail//2932192316@qq.com

引用本文:

高康, 林小兵, 韦桂梅, 郑宇超, 闫怡帆. 青藏高原不同高程喀斯特地貌类型和发育特征[J]. 地质与资源, 2024, 33(1): 115-123,97.
GAO Kang, LING Xiao-bing, WEI Gui-mei, ZHENG Yu-chao, YAN Yi-fan. KARST GEOMORPHOLOGICAL TYPES AND DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS AT DIFFERENT ELEVATIONS IN QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU. GEOLOGY AND RESOURCES, 2024, 33(1): 115-123,97.

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