Abstract:The analysis of geothermal water of Guantao Formation in eastern Jiyuan-Kaifeng sag shows that the geothermal water is hydrochemically neutral water, salt water and extra-hard water, mainly Cl-Na type, and its chemical characteristics, controlling factors and characteristic coefficients are significantly different from those in upper Minghuazhen Formation, Quaternary groundwater and surface water. The geothermal water in Guantao Formation is sedimentary type of lixiviation water in continental salt rock strata, occurred in sandstone pores, with regional faults and fissures as channels for heat conduction and migration, and terrestrial heat flow for heat conduction and warming, accompanied by constant lixiviation, evaporation and concentration. On the other hand, due to the well sealed geothermal reservoir, the migration of geothermal water is much stagnant, which contribute to the complete reducibility and higher concentration degree of geothermal water. Compared with Kaifeng-Lankao fault depression, the geothermal water in Guantao Formation of Kaifeng fault uplift shows higher degree of reducibility and concentration.
倪昆, 卢磊, 陈飞阳, 等. 河南省沉积盆地水热型地热资源特征及潜力评估研究[J]. 地下水, 2021, 43(1):13-16, 113. Ni K, Lu L, Chen F Y, et al. Study on the characteristics and potential evaluation of hydrothermal geothermal resources in Sedimentary basins of Henan Province[J]. Ground Water, 2021, 43(1):13-16, 113.
[2]
黄光寿, 郭丽丽, 黄凯. 河南省沉积盆地区五大构造单元地热地质特征[J]. 地质与资源, 2020, 29(2):172-179. Huang G S, Guo L L, Huang K. Geothermal geological characteristics of five tectonic units in the sedimentary basins of Henan Province[J]. Geology and Resources, 2020, 29(2):172-179.
[3]
周振江. 河南省武陟县地热资源的合理开发利用与保护[J]. 西部探矿工程, 2013, 25(6):151-153. Zhou Z J. Development, utilization and protection of geothermal resources in Wuzhi County, Henan Province[J]. West-China Exploration Engineering, 2013, 25(6):151-153. (in Chinese)
[4]
魏庆龙, 闫鸿庆, 李东东. 河南省原阳县地热地质条件及水化学特征研究[J]. 地下水, 2018, 40(3):44-46. Wei Q L, Yan H Q, Li D D. Geothermal geological conditions and hydrochemical characteristics of Yuanyang County, Henan Province [J]. Ground Water, 2018, 40(3):44-46. (in Chinese)
[5]
朱卫民, 韩国童, 庞良. 郑州市区地热储存条件与开发现状分析[J]. 地下水, 2016, 38(6):54-55. Zhu W M, Han G T, Pang L. Analysis of geothermal storage conditions and development status in Zhengzhou[J]. Ground Water, 2016, 38(6):54-55. (in Chinese)
[6]
范浩敏. 河南省郑汴新区(中牟段)地热资源特征及开发利用前景[J]. 地下水, 2021, 43(5):78-81. Fan H M. Characteristics of geothermal resources in Zhengbian New Area (Zhongmu Section) of Henan Province and its development and utilization prospect[J]. Ground Water, 2021, 43(5):78-81.
[7]
高楠安, 汪新伟, 梁海军, 等. 冀鲁豫三省交界处临清坳陷大名次凹陷地热系统成因模式及开发潜力[J]. 中国地质, 2023, 50(4): 1149-1162. Gao N A, Wang X W, Liang H J, et al. Genetic mechanism of geothermal system in Daming Sag, Linqing Depression in the junction of Hebei, Shandong and Henan provinces and its exploration potential[J]. Geology in China, 2023, 50(4):1149-1162.
[8]
白博文, 平建华, 赵继昌, 等. 河南淮阳县地热流体化学特征及其成因分析[J]. 中国地质, 2022, 49(3):956-966. Bai B W, Ping J H, Zhao J C, et al. Chemical characteristics and causes analysis of the geothermal fluid in Huaiyang County, Henan Province[J]. Geology in China, 2022, 49(3):956-966.
[9]
齐玉峰. 河南省开封凹陷区地热田地热资源分析[J]. 西南科技大学学报, 2009, 24(3):75-78. Qi Y F. Analysis on geothermal resources in Kaifeng Depression geothermal field of Henan Province[J]. Journal of Southwest University of Science and Technology, 2009, 24(3):75-78.
[10]
张心勇, 马传明. 开封凹陷区地温场特征分析[J]. 工程勘察, 2009, 37(10):44-49. Zhang X Y, Ma C M. Geothermal field's characteristics analysis in Kaifeng depression[J]. Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying, 2009, 37(10):44-49.
[11]
李莲花, 王小青, 孟萍. 开封深部地热水地质条件及开发前景[J]. 南水北调与水利科技, 2013, 11(2):107-109. Li L H, Wang X Q, Meng P. Geological conditions and development prospect analysis of deep geothermal water in Kaifeng City[J]. South- to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology, 2013, 11(2):107-109.
[12]
李尧, 齐玉峰, 黄烜, 等. 兰考县新近系热储赋存规律及开发适宜性研究[J]. 河南科学, 2021, 39(10):1615-1623. Li Y, Qi Y F, Huang X, et al. The occurrence regularities and development suitability of Neogene thermal reservoir in Lankao County[J]. Henan Science, 2013, 39(10):1615-1623.
[13]
宋前进, 王刚, 许一川, 等. 深层地热能开发及其对地热水流场的影响——以兰考县深层地热能开发为例[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2021, 49(2):184-193. Song Q J, Wang G, Xu Y C, et al. Development of deep geothermal energy and its influence on geothermal water flow field:Taking the development of deep geothermal energy in Lankao County for an example[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2021, 49(2):184-193.
[14]
肖雄, 李尧, 杨珍, 等. 河南省兰考县新生界地热资源特征及开发利用前景[J]. 地下水, 2022, 44(2):72-74, 110. Xiao X, Li Y, Yang Z, et al. Characteristics and prospect of geothermal resources in Lankao County Henan Province[J]. Ground Water, 2022, 44(2):72-74, 110.
[15]
王志铄, 马兴全. 郑州-开封断裂新生代活动特征[J]. 地震地质, 2018, 40(3):511-522. Wang Z S, Ma X Q. The activity characteristics of Zhengzhou-Kaifeng fault during Kainozoic[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2018, 40(3): 511-522.
[16]
张维, 闫晋龙, 马畅, 等. 河南新商断裂对地热资源形成的控制作用及资源潜力分析[J]. 矿产勘查, 2020, 11(12):2647-2652. Zhang W, Yan J L, Ma C, et al. Control of Xinshang fault on geothermal resources in Henan Province and its resource potential[J]. Mineral Exploration, 2020, 11(12):2647-2652.
[17]
邵炳松, 朱怀亮, 胡志明, 等. 济源-开封坳陷西南部电性结构研究及地热资源远景区预测[J]. 地质与勘探, 2021, 57(3):572-583. Shao B S, Zhu H L, Hu Z M, et al. Electrical structure and forecast of geothermal prospective areas in the southwest of the Jiyuan-Kaifeng depression[J]. Geology and Exploration, 2021, 57(3):572-583.
[18]
齐玉峰, 王文娟, 李尧. 地质构造对黄河下游(河南段)地热分布的影响分析[J]. 华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 41(5):67-72. Qi Y F, Wang W J, Li Y. Analysis of the influence of geological structure on geothermal distribution in lower reaches of the Yellow River in Henan Province[J]. Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power (Natural Science Edition), 2020, 41(5):67-72.
[19]
罗梅. 中牟凹陷地热资源成因机理及其特征研究[D]. 郑州:郑州大学, 2020. Luo M. Genetic mechanism of geothermal resources in Zhongmu Depression and its characteristics[D]. Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University, 2020.
[20]
张良. 开封市城区地热水资源评价及可持续开发利用研究[D]. 焦作:河南理工大学, 2011. Zhang L. Study on resource assessment and sustainable development and utilization of geothermal water in Kaifeng City[D]. Jiaozuo: Henan Polytechnic University, 2011.
[21]
仝长水, 靳孟贵, 王献坤, 等. 黄河故道兰考段地下水水化学特征[J]. 工程勘察, 2011, 39(12):36-41. Tong C S, Jin M G, Wang X K, et al. Chemical characteristics of groundwater in Lankao section along abandoned area of Yellow River [J]. Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying, 2011, 39(12):36-41.
[22]
杜青辉, 屈吉鸿, 宋全香. 开封市区近黄河地区地下水化学特征及成因分析[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2020(9):172-176, 181. Du Q H, Qu J H, Song Q X. An analysis of chemical characteristics and causes of groundwater near the Yellow River in Kaifeng City[J]. China Rural Water and Hydropower, 2020(9):172-176, 181.
[23]
Truesdell A H. Effects of physical processes on geothermal fluids[C]// Application of geochemistry in geothermal reservoir development. Rome:UNITAR/UNDP Publication, 1991:71-92.
[24]
史启朋, 宋帅良, 孟甲, 等. 山东省菏泽凸起地热田岩溶地热水水化学水平演化特征[J]. 中国岩溶, 2021, 40(2):310-318. Shi Q P, Song S L, Meng J, et al. Hydrochemical evolution of Karst geothermal water in the Heze uplift geothermal field, Shandong Province[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2021, 40(2):310-318.
[25]
Gibbs R J. Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry[J]. Science, 1970, 170(3962):1088-1090.
[26]
Rao N S, Subrahmanyam A, Kumar S R, et al. Geochemistry and quality of groundwater of Gummanampadu Sub-Basin, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh, India[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2012, 67(5):1451-1471.
[27]
Gaillardet J, Dupré B, Louvat P, et al. Global silicate weathering and CO2 consumption rates deduced from the chemistry of large rivers [J]. Chemical Geology, 1999, 159(1/4):3-30.
[28]
Li S L, Chetelat B, Yue F J, et al. Chemical weathering processes in the Yalong River draining the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2014, 88:74-84.
[29]
曾妍妍, 周金龙, 贾瑞亮, 等. 新疆祁漫塔格地区地表水水化学特征及成因分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2017, 31(6):64-70. Zeng Y Y, Zhou J L, Jia R L, et al. Hydrochemical characteristics and causes of surface water in Qimantage area, Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2017, 31(6):64-70.
[30]
张保健. 鲁西北地区地下热水的水文地球化学特征及形成条件研究[D]. 北京:中国地质大学(北京), 2011. Zhang B J. Hydrogeochemical characteristics and formation conditions of the geothermal water in northwestern Shandong Province[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences, 2011.
[31]
李虎, 夏玲晓, 江国胜. 天津地区奥陶系地热流体离子比例系数分析研究[J]. 地下水, 2015, 37(5):35-37. Li H, Xia L X, Jiang G S. Analysis on geothermal fluid ion ratios in Tianjin area[J]. Ground Water, 2015, 37(5):35-37.
[32]
孙红丽, 王贵玲, 蔺文静. 西宁盆地地下热水的TDS分布特征及富集机理[J]. 地质科技通报, 2022, 41(1):278-287, 299. Sun H L, Wang G L, Lin W J. Distribution characteristics and enrichment mechanism of TDS geothermal water in Xining Basin[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2022, 41(1):278- 287, 299.
[33]
邢一飞, 王慧群, 李捷, 等. 雄安新区地热水的化学场特征及影响因素分析[J]. 中国地质, 2022, 49(6):1711-1722. Xing Y F, Wang H Q, Li J, et al. Chemical field of geothermal water in Xiong'an New Area and analysis of influencing factors[J]. Geology in China, 2022, 49(6):1711-1722.
[34]
张萌, 蔺文静, 刘昭, 等. 西藏谷露高温地热系统水文地球化学特征及成因模式[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 41(3):382-392. Zhang M, Lin W J, Liu Z, et al. Hydrogeochemical characteristics and genetic model of Gulu high-temperature geothermal system in Tibet, China[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science &Technology Edition), 2014, 41(3):382-392.
[35]
郭宁, 刘昭, 男达瓦, 等. 西藏昌都觉拥温泉水化学特征及热储温度估算[J]. 地质论评, 2020, 66(2):499-509. Guo N, Liu Z, Nan D W, et al. The characteristics and reservoir temperatures of hot springs in Jueyong, Chamdo, Xizang (Tibet)[J]. Geological Review, 2020, 66(2):499-509.
[36]
龚晓洁, 田良河, 袁锡泰. 河南平原区天然地热流体同位素特征对其成生环境的揭示[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2019, 19(25):33-37. Gong X J, Tian L H, Yuan X T. Isotopic characteristics and forming environment of natural geothermal fluids in the plain area of Henan Province[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2019, 19(25): 33-37.