厄瓜多尔矿产资源及矿业投资环境

doi:10.13686/j.cnki.dzyzy.2023.02.007

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摘要厄瓜多尔矿产资源丰富,金、铜、银、铅锌及油气资源具备巨大开发潜力. 该国可分为6个三级构造带和12个三级成矿区带,晚侏罗世斑岩型Au-Cu-Mo金属成矿带和渐新世-中新世斑岩-浅成低温热液型Au-Cu金属成矿带是该国最为重要的成矿带. 厄瓜多尔地质调查和勘查工作程度较低,金属矿产开发程度不高,矿业开发以外资为主导,近年来铜金勘查逐渐受到重视. 矿业政策上,该国通过修改矿业法,降低了投资要求. 总体而言,厄瓜多尔在资源禀赋、税收政策、双边关系等方面都存在有利条件,但仍存在政治、社会治安等投资不利因素,矿业投资的机遇与挑战并存.

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	郑璐
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	朱意萍
	姚春彦
	李汉武
	姜瀚涛
	王天刚

关键词 ：矿产资源, 矿产开发, 投资环境, 厄瓜多尔

Abstract：Ecuador is rich in mineral resources, with gold, copper, silver, lead-zinc and oil-gas resources that have great development potential. The country can be divided into 6 three-order tectonic zones and 12 metallogenic belts of grade III, among which the Late Jurassic porphyry Au-Cu-Mo metallogenic belt and Oligocene-Miocene porphyry-epithermal Au-Cu metallogenic belt are the most important. Due to the low degree of geological exploration and poor development of metal minerals in Ecuador, the mining development is dominated by foreign investment. However, the copper-gold exploration has gained more and more attention in recent years. The government has lowered investment requirements by amending the mining law. In general, Ecuador has favorable conditions in resource endowment, tax policy and bilateral relations, but still disadvantages in politics and social security, which presents both opportunities and challenges for mining investment.

Key words： mineral resources mineral development investment environment Ecuador

收稿日期: 2022-05-30

PACS:

P617.776

基金资助:中国地质调查局项目"玻利维亚-古巴镍钴锂油气资源调查"(DD20190441);重点研发计划项目"全球战略性矿产成矿规律和预警决策支持技术"(2021YFC2901804).

通讯作者: 刘君安(1984-),男,高级工程师,主要从事拉美地区矿产勘查与成矿规律研究,通信地址江苏省南京市秦淮区中山东路534号,E-mail:ljunan@mail.cgs.gov.cn E-mail: ljunan@mail.cgs.gov.cn

作者简介: 郑璐(1989-),女,主要从事矿业投资环境及矿业政策研究,通信地址江苏省南京市秦淮区中山东路534号,E-mail:zlu@mail.cgs.gov.cn

引用本文:

郑璐, 刘君安, 朱意萍, 姚春彦, 李汉武, 姜瀚涛, 王天刚. 厄瓜多尔矿产资源及矿业投资环境[J]. 地质与资源, 2023, 32(2): 174-184.
ZHENG Lu, LIU Jun-an, ZHU Yi-ping, YAO Chun-yan, LI Han-wu, JIANG Han-tao, WANG Tian-gang. MINERAL RESOURCES AND MINING INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT IN ECUADOR. GEOLOGY AND RESOURCES, 2023, 32(2): 174-184.

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http://manu25.magtech.com.cn/Jweb_dzyzy/CN/10.13686/j.cnki.dzyzy.2023.02.007 或 http://manu25.magtech.com.cn/Jweb_dzyzy/CN/Y2023/V32/I2/174

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[16]	刘登锋,毕启尊,韩天成,等.墨西哥纳亚里特州La Yesca锰银多金属矿床地质特征及找矿远景[J].地质与资源, 2021, 30(4):443-449, 442. Liu D F, Bi Q W, Han T C, et al. Geological characteristics and prospecting potential of La Yesca manganese-silver polymetallic deposit in Nayarit, Mexico[J]. Geology and Resources, 2021, 30(4):443-449, 442.
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[18]	卢佳义,赵宏军,朱小三.安第斯国家矿业法律特点及对中国企业矿业投资的影响[J].地质通报, 2017, 36(12):2332-2343. Lu J Y, Zhao H J, Zhu X S. Mining law characteristics of the Andean countries and their impacts on the mining investment of Chinese enterprises[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2017, 36(12):2332-2343.
[19]	任军平,王杰,古阿雷,等.莫桑比克钛锆砂矿资源开发现状及投资环境分析[J].地质与资源, 2021, 30(1):45-52. Ren J P, Wang J, Gu A L, et al. Development status and investment environment of the Ilmenite-Zircon resources in Mozambique[J]. Geology and Resources, 2021, 30(1):45-52.
[20]	Ministerio de Energía y Recursos Naturales No Renovables. Exportaciones mineras de 2021 cierran en USD 2092 millones y superan en un 31% las metas previstas[EB/OL]. https://www.recursosyenergia.gob.ec/exportaciones-mineras-de-2021-cierran-en-usd-2092-millones-y-superan-en-un-31-las-metas-previstas/, 2022-02-16.
[21]	Ministerio de Energía y Recursos Naturales No Renovables. El Gobierno del Encuentro impulsa la mineríasustentable[EB/OL]. https://www.recursosyenergia.gob.ec/el-gobierno-del-encuentro-impulsa-la-mineria-sustentable/, 2022-03-08.
[22]	商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院,中国驻厄瓜多尔大使馆经济商务处,商务部对外投资和经济合作司.厄瓜多尔对外投资合作国别(地区)指南[R].北京:对外投资合作国别(地区)指南编制办公室, 2022. Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, Economic and Commercial Department of the Chinese Embassy in Ecuador, Department of Foreign Investment and Economic Cooperation of the Ministry of Commerce. Guide to Ecuador's foreign investment cooperation[R]. Beijing:Office for the Preparation of Guidelines for Foreign Investment Cooperation Countries (Regions), 2022.
[1]	Cunningham C G, Zappettini E O, Vivallo S W, et al. Quantitative mineral resource assessment of copper, molybdenum, gold, and silver in undiscovered porphyry copper deposits in the Andes Mountains of South America[R]. Reston:USGS, 2008.
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[3]	刘军,黄波,杨涛,等.全球超大型斑岩铜矿浅析[J].地质与资源, 2019, 28(4):345-349, 400. Liu J, Huang B, Yang T, et al. Analysis on the super-large porphyry copper deposits in the world[J]. Geology and Resources, 2019, 28(4):345-349, 400.
[4]	姚仲友,郭维民,王天刚,等.拉丁美洲大地构造轮廓、成矿区带和成矿系列[J].地质通报, 2017, 36(12):2099-2106. Yao Z Y, Guo W M, Wang T G, et al. Tectonic framework, metallogenic division and metallogenic series of Latin America[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2017, 36(12):2099-2106.
[5]	赵宏军,卢民杰,周尚国,等.南美洲铁矿重要成矿区带与成矿规律研究[J].中国地质, 2017, 44(4):690-706. Zhao H J, Lu M J, Zhou S G, et al. A study of key metallogenetic zones and principal metallogeic regularities of iron ore resources in South American countries[J]. Geology in China, 2017, 44(4):690-706.
[6]	张潮,陈玉明,赵宏军,等.南美洲成矿区带划分及其地质特征[J].地质通报, 2017, 36(12):2134-2142. Zhang C, Chen Y M, Zhao H J, et al. Division of metallogenic units and geological characteristics in South America[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2017, 36(12):2134-2142.
[7]	卢民杰,朱小三,赵宏军,等.安第斯成矿带成矿规律与优势矿产资源潜力分析[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社, 2018:1-236. Lu M J, Zhu X S, Zhao H J, et al. Metallogeny and potential analysis of dominant mineral resources in the Andean metallogenic belt[M]. Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press Co., Ltd., 2018:1-236.(in Chinese)
[8]	Jaillard E, Bengtson P, Dhondt A V. Late Cretaceous marine transgressions in Ecuador and northern Peru:A refined stratigraphic framework[J]. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 2005, 19(3):307-323.
[9]	Aspden J A, Litherland M. The geology and Mesozoic collisional history of the Cordillera Real, Ecuador[J]. Tectonophysics, 1992, 205(1/3):187-204.
[10]	董永观,曾勇,姚春彦,等.南美地台地质构造演化与主要金属矿产成矿作用[J].资源调查与环境, 2015, 36(2):116-122. Dong Y G, Zeng Y, Yao C Y, et al. Geological tectonic evolution and mineralization of metallic minerals in the South America platform[J]. Resources Survey and Environment, 2015, 36(2):116-122.
[11]	崔敏利,张作伦,陈玉明,等.南美洲大型-超大型金矿地质特征与成矿作用研究[J].中国地质, 2017, 44(4):642-663. Cui M L, Zhang Z L, Chen Y M, et al. Geology and metallogenic process of large and super-large gold deposits in South America[J]. Geology in China, 2017, 44(4):642-663.
[12]	柴璐,李树羽,李霄.境外多源地质专题图数据应用方法研究[J].地质与资源, 2020, 29(2):202-206. Chai L, Li S Y, Li X. Application methods of oversea multi-source geological thematic map data[J]. Geology and Resources, 2020, 29(2):202-206.
[13]	Wood plc. Cascabel Project, Imbabura Province, Ecuador[R]. NI43-101 Technical Report on Pre-Feasibility Study. 2022. 3.
[14]	Drobe J, Lindsay D, Stein H, et al. Geology, mineralization, and geochronological constraints of the Mirador Cu-Au porphyry district, southeast Ecuador[J]. Economic Geology, 2013, 108(1):11-35.
[15]	江少卿,徐毅,孙尚信,等.全球铅锌矿资源分布[J].地质与资源, 2020, 29(3):224-232. Jiang S Q, Xu Y, Sun S X, et al. Global distribution of lead-zinc resources[J]. Geology and Resources, 2020, 29(3):225-232.
[16]	刘登锋,毕启尊,韩天成,等.墨西哥纳亚里特州La Yesca锰银多金属矿床地质特征及找矿远景[J].地质与资源, 2021, 30(4):443-449, 442. Liu D F, Bi Q W, Han T C, et al. Geological characteristics and prospecting potential of La Yesca manganese-silver polymetallic deposit in Nayarit, Mexico[J]. Geology and Resources, 2021, 30(4):443-449, 442.
[17]	唐金荣,张涛,周平,等."一带一路"矿产资源分布与投资环境[J].地质通报, 2015, 34(10):1918-1928. Tang J R, Zhang T, Zhou P, et al. An analysis of mineral resources distribution and investment climate in the"One Belt, One Road"countries[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2015, 34(10):1918-1928.
[18]	卢佳义,赵宏军,朱小三.安第斯国家矿业法律特点及对中国企业矿业投资的影响[J].地质通报, 2017, 36(12):2332-2343. Lu J Y, Zhao H J, Zhu X S. Mining law characteristics of the Andean countries and their impacts on the mining investment of Chinese enterprises[J]. Geological Bulletin of China, 2017, 36(12):2332-2343.
[19]	任军平,王杰,古阿雷,等.莫桑比克钛锆砂矿资源开发现状及投资环境分析[J].地质与资源, 2021, 30(1):45-52. Ren J P, Wang J, Gu A L, et al. Development status and investment environment of the Ilmenite-Zircon resources in Mozambique[J]. Geology and Resources, 2021, 30(1):45-52.
[20]	Ministerio de Energía y Recursos Naturales No Renovables. Exportaciones mineras de 2021 cierran en USD 2092 millones y superan en un 31% las metas previstas[EB/OL]. https://www.recursosyenergia.gob.ec/exportaciones-mineras-de-2021-cierran-en-usd-2092-millones-y-superan-en-un-31-las-metas-previstas/, 2022-02-16.
[21]	Ministerio de Energía y Recursos Naturales No Renovables. El Gobierno del Encuentro impulsa la mineríasustentable[EB/OL]. https://www.recursosyenergia.gob.ec/el-gobierno-del-encuentro-impulsa-la-mineria-sustentable/, 2022-03-08.
[22]	商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院,中国驻厄瓜多尔大使馆经济商务处,商务部对外投资和经济合作司.厄瓜多尔对外投资合作国别(地区)指南[R].北京:对外投资合作国别(地区)指南编制办公室, 2022. Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, Economic and Commercial Department of the Chinese Embassy in Ecuador, Department of Foreign Investment and Economic Cooperation of the Ministry of Commerce. Guide to Ecuador's foreign investment cooperation[R]. Beijing:Office for the Preparation of Guidelines for Foreign Investment Cooperation Countries (Regions), 2022.