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2018 Vol.27 Issue.1,
Published 2018-02-28
1
THE CARBONIFEROUS-PERMIAN STRATIGRAPHIC DIVISION AND CORRELATION IN THE SONGLIAO BASIN AND ITS PERIPHERAL AREAS
ZHENG Yue-juan, HUANG Xin, SUN Yue-wu, SONG Shao-jun, CHEN Shu-wang, ZHANG Jian, GONG Fan-hao, ZHANG De-jun, ZHANG Hai-hua, SU Fei
The Carboniferous-Permian strata in the Songliao Basin and its surrounding areas can be divided into two stratigraphic regions, including five areas and nine sub-areas, on the basis of the latest study on Late Paleozoic geotectonic evolution in Northeast China and stratigraphic development and biopaleogeographic characteristics. The sequence of each stratigraphic area is established based on the provincial lithostratigraphic revision work with regional geological survey and stratigraphic research in recent years. The geological time of each formation is basically defined and incorporated into the latest international chronostratigraphic system with the comprehensive study method of biostratigraphy and isotope chronostratigraphy, according to existing fossil information, particularly the latest microfossils like conodonts and sporomorph, and isotopic dating data. At the end, with horizontal comparison between different stratigraphic areas, the Carboniferous-Permian stratigraphic division and correlation framework is established in the Songliao Basin and its surrounding areas in the international chronostratigraphic system.
2018 Vol. 27 (1): 1-15 [
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16
OPEN, EVOLUTION AND EXTINCTION HISTORY OF THE PALEO-ASIAN OCEAN: Records from the Continuous Sedimentation of Paleozoic Strata (O
1
-C
1
) in Northwestern Heilongjiang Province
DU Bing-ying, PU Quan-sheng, LIU Yu-wei, ZHAO Ming-sheng, XU Jun-lu, ZHAO Yu-sheng, LIU Yu-qi, LUO Jia-xin
A series of Paleozoic strata(O
1
-C
1
) is widely distributed in the northwest of Heilongjiang Province. Combining the regional geological survey and scientific research results in recent years, the Ordovician-Carboniferous strata can be divided into three groups (Yilehulishan, Heihe and Liaoyuan Groups) with fifteen formations. The rock structures, fossil assemblages, sedimentary environments of each formation are discussed together with the open, evolution and extinction history of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. The integrated study on the Paleozoic strata provides such comprehensive data as lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and sedimentary environment for the evolution of the Ocean. According to the above stratigraphic records, it is thought that the Paleo-Asian Ocean was opened in the early stage of Early Ordovician, developed in the late Early Ordovician-Late Ordovician, converged in Early Silurian-Late Silurian-Middle Devonian and closed in Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous.
2018 Vol. 27 (1): 16-21 [
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30
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22
Sinozamites myrioneurus
(CYCADALES) FROM THE MIDDLE TRIASSIC STRATA IN BENXI, LIAONING PROVINCE
HAN Ming-hui, ZHANG Yi, ZHENG Shao-lin, WANG Yong-dong, WANG Pei-ying, YANG Jia-lin
Sinozamites
Sze 1956 is one of the representative genera of Cycadophyta, which includes Cycadales and Bennettitales, in the Middle and Late Triassic strata in northern China. However, the systematic position of the genus has long been unclear since it was erected. In this article, the epidermal structure of
S. myrioneurus
from the Middle Triassic Linjia Formation of Benxi, Liaoning, is deciphered by stereo microscope with large depth-of-field technique. Both hydrochoric and nitric acid are used to remove surface impurities for clearer images. Based on the stomatal apparatus of haplocheilic type, the genus is assigned to Cycadales. The missing part of the
S. myrioneurus
leaf is reconstructed according to the contextual relation of leaf segments and rachises shown on the existing specimen. At the end, the authors systematically compare fossils and extant Cycadophytes with similar names and morphologies to the genus
Sinozamites
. Besides the above results, this study also develops the large depth-of-field technique. With such technique, more epidermal structures of fossil plants and their systematic positions will be expectedly deciphered.
2018 Vol. 27 (1): 22-32,53 [
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43
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35
GEOCHEMISTRY AND GENESIS OF THE NEOARCHEAN METAMORPHIC PLUTONIC ROCKS IN BEIZHEN AREA, LIAONING PROVINCE
WANG Xiao-han
The Neoarchean metamorphic plutonic rocks in Beizhen area of Liaoning Province are the oldest crystalline basement in the region. With general metamorphism and deformation of plutons, the structures of protolith have changed. The plutonic rocks can be divided into two rock units of Xiaoqianmaling gneiss complex (Ar
3
xqgn
c
) and Baichangmen gneiss (Ar
3
bgn) according to the characteristics and distribution of rock mass. The SiO
2
content in Ar
3
xqgn
c
is 59.69%-76.22%. The liquidus temperatures of the two rocks are 720-1024℃ and 776-1024℃ respectively. The Ar
3
xqgn
c
is characterized by high degree of magmatic differentiation, while Ar
3
bgn with high differentiation index (DI) of 68.99-91.68. The Ba/Sr ratios of both rocks are close to each other with approximately parallel right-dipping REE patterns, showing unobvious Eu anomalies with enrichment of LREEs, which indicates that the two rocks are derived from similar material sources.
2018 Vol. 27 (1): 35-42 [
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43
LATE TRIASSIC MONZOGRANITE AND ITS MAFIC ENCLAVES FROM THE CHAIJIAZHUANG PLUTON IN TIANSHUI AREA, WESTERN QINLING MOUNTAINS:Petrogenesis and Magmatic Mixing
JU Yin-juan, WANG Xing-ying, ZHANG Ze-zhong
The Late Triassic granitoid is widely distributed in the western Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt. The paper chooses the Late Triassic monzogranite and mafic enclaves from Chaijiazhuang pluton of western Qinling Mountains for detailed petrological and geochemical study. Acicular apatite and plagioclase megacrysts are developed in the mafic enclaves, suggesting the magmatic mixing process. The mafic enclaves are characterized by low SiO
2
(60.27%-60.38%), high Mg# (54-55) and Nb/Ta ratio (14.8-16.6), which indicates that they were derived from the partial melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Geochemically, the host monzogranite shows adakitic affinity with enrichment of Sr and Ba, depletion of Y and HREEs, high Sr/Y ratio (88-98) and Y/Yb ratio (13-15), hinting at the residue of garnet in the source area. Combining with previous researches, it is suggested that the monzogranite in the study area is the product of partial melting of thickened lower crust under the post-collision extension background caused by the Late Triassic subducting slab break-off in Western Qinling orogenic belt.
2018 Vol. 27 (1): 43-47,59 [
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44
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48
METALLOGENIC AGE OF SHUJIGOU COPPER-ZINC DEPOSIT IN LIAONING PROVINCE: Constraints from the Zircon U-Pb Isotopes of Plagioclase Amphibolite Gneiss
LU Rui, ZHOU Jin, ZHANG Xue-de, YU Xiao-liang, BAO Shan-bin, LI Jia-tai, YANG Yan-qian
The Shujigou Cu-Zn deposit of VMS type occurs in the granite-greenstone belt in east section of northern margin of the North China Platform. The crystallization age of 2564±2 Ma for the host plagioclase amphibolite gneiss is obtained with LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating technique, which can approximately represent the metallogenic age. According to the published mantle zircon U-Pb age (2517-2529 Ma), it is considered that the Shujigou Cu-Zn deposit underwent metamorphism, deformation and remobilization during the later Anshan Orogeny. Combined with the geochemical characteristics and evolution of the host rock, it is inferred that the mineralization is involved with partial melting of mantle to form base metal-rich magma during plate subduction. With upward migration, convergence, eruption, consolidation and diagenesis of the magma, ore-forming elements leached by seawater are infiltrated and enriched in the igneous rocks, which then erupt to the surface along faults with deep permeability. Finally, the hydrothermal fluid is mixed with surrounding seawater, followed by further metamorphism and deformation to form the Cu-Zn deposit.
2018 Vol. 27 (1): 48-53 [
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40
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54
GEOLOGY AND PROSPECTING DIRECTION OF SHENGOU GOLD-ANTIMONY DEPOSIT IN THE WESTERN SECTION OF MIDDLE QILIAN MOUNTAINS
SHEN Yuan, LIU Xiang-yang, MO Jia-chen, ZHAI Ya-feng, ZHANG Rui, PENG Qiong-bin, SUN Yu
The Shengou gold-antimony deposit, located in the western section of Middle Qilian metallogenic belt in Qinghai Province, belongs to Middle Qilian-Taibai formation subarea in terms of stratigraphic division. On the basis of field survey and test analysis, with comprehensive study on stratigraphy, lithology, structural conditions and magmatic rocks, it is considered that the deposit belongs to meso-epithermal mineralization with ore-orming fluids mainly of magmatic vapor-water and underground hydrates. The orebody occurrences are controlled by both structural fracture belts and rock mass. With multiple differentiation and enrichment of ore-forming elements due to multi-stage tectonic activity, the high grade gold-antimony deposit is formed with prospecting potential.
2018 Vol. 27 (1): 54-59 [
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37
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60
METALLOGENIC SERIES RELATED TO MESOZOIC MAGMATISM IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE
YANG Da-huan, WU Guo-zhong
The obvious multi-stage mineralization related to the Mesozoic crust-mantle magmatism is strong in Guangdong region. On the basis of previous work, the deposits related to the Mesozoic magmatism can be divided into six metallogenic series in terms of metallogenic ages, tectonic environment, main process and deposit associations, namely, 1) Nb, Ta, P and Fe deposits related to Indosinian magmatism in Yunkai area; 2) nonferrous, rare, precious metals, nonmetal and U deposits related to Yanshanian granites in northern Guangdong depression; 3) Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, Fe, Mo, W, As, V, Ti, crystal and ferrous sulfide deposits related to Yanshanian intermediate acid-basic intrusive rocks along deep fault zones; 4) Au and Ag deposits related to regional, dynamic metamorphism and Yanshanian granites; 5) Fe, Cu, Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, W, Sn, Mo, Nb, Ta, ferrous sulfide, crystal, fluorite, pyrophyllite and barite deposits related to Yanshanian volcanic-intrusive activity in coastal region; and 6) Sn, W, Mo, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn and Ag deposits in Yangchun-Luoding area related to Late Yanshanian crust-source granites. The basic characteristics and forming tectonic backgrounds of each metallogenic series are discussed followed by the temporal and spatial distribution and evolution law of mineralization.
2018 Vol. 27 (1): 60-68 [
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69
CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPLICATION OF BIOMARKER COMPOUNDS IN SOURCE ROCKS FROM BEIPIAO FORMATION IN JINYANG BASIN, WESTERN LIAONING PROVINCE
SUN Qiu-shi, ZHANG Kun, LI Yong-fei, GAO Xiao-yong, SUN Shou-liang, ZHANG Tao, ZONG Wen-ming, SUN Peng
The gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry are combined to study the characteristics of biomarker compounds in source rocks from Beipiao Formation in Jinyang Basin, western Liaoning Province, by analysis of such information as the sources, sedimentary environment and thermal evolution degree of organic matter in rocks. The mass spectrometry of normal-alkanes for source rock samples shows characteristics of mature source rocks dominated by front peak-typed unimodal distribution. The ratios of C
29
-αββ/(ααα+αββ), varying between 0.35 and 0.58 with mean value of 0.5, indicate that most source rocks are in mature stage, while some have reached the peak or high mature stage. The Pr/Ph ratio (1.0-3.0) shows a weak pristane advantage. According to the cross plot of Pr/nC
17
-Ph/nC
18
, the source rocks are dominated by Ⅲ-type. The tricyclic terpane is normally distributed with C
20
as the main peak. The content of C
24
tetracyclic diterpane is generally high. The ratios of C
24
tetracyclic diterpane and C
26
tricyclic terpane are basically greater than 1, while the ratios of tricyclic terpane/hopane of source rocks from SZK01 and SZK03 wells less than 0.4. The gammacerane indexes range from 0.02 to 0.30 with average of 0.12. From the above, the source rocks from Beipiao Formation were formed in the brackish water-freshwater shallow water sedimentary environment with partial oxidation, belonging to typical sedimentary facies zones with advanced plant immigration.
2018 Vol. 27 (1): 69-76 [
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77
CONTROL OF SEDIMENTARY FACIES AND HIGH-FREQUENCY SEQUENCES ON THE RESERVOIR OF LONGWANGMIAO FORMATION IN MOXI AREA, CENTRAL SICHUAN BASIN
REN Da-wei, JIANG Wei, GAO Da, DU Liu, LUO Xian-fu
Four sedimentary subfacies of lagoon, inter-shoal sea, grain shoal and dolomitic flat of the Longwangmiao Formation in Moxi area, Central Sichuan Basin are identified by study on the sedimentary facies, high-frequency sequences and reservoir genesis base on the drill cores, thin sections and logging data. The Formation can be divided into two fourth-order sequences while each includes three to five fifth-order sequences separately. The porosity of reservoirs is generally good with the main reservoir space as intercrystalline pores, solution caves and fissures, the main reservoir rocks being finely crystalline, silty and grained dolomites. The favorable reservoirs are obviously controlled by sedimentary facies and high-frequency sequences. Grain shoals and dolomitic flats are the most porous reservoir facies. The HST in the fourth-order sequences usually shows better reservoir quality than the TST. Early stage dissolution developed near the fourth and fifth order sequence boundary plays the key role on the porosity improvement of dolomitic flats and grain shoals and also provides basis for the later stage burial dissolution and telogenetic karstification.
2018 Vol. 27 (1): 77-82 [
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83
MULTI-HIERARCHY AND MULTI-INDEX VARIABLE FUZZY EVALUATION MODEL FOR CARRYING CAPACITY OF WATER RESOURCES IN TONGLIAO CITY
MA Li-xin, WU Li
A multi-hierarchy variable fuzzy evaluation model for carrying capacity of water resources in Tongliao City is established to evaluate each district in current year 2013 and the planning year 2020 based on the concept of water resources carrying capacity, the variable fuzzy set theory and utilization status in the city. The result for 2013 shows that unreasonable industrial structure and low water reuse rate account for the generally weak carrying capacity; while the result for 2020 indicates that the city's water resources carrying capacity will be improved a little under water-saving condition, but basically still weak. Therefore, only by rational adjustment of industrial structure and improvement of water use efficiency can the carrying capacity be improved.
2018 Vol. 27 (1): 83-88 [
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89
GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF ABANDONED LIMESTONE MINES IN SHANDONG PROVINCE: Management and Restoration Exploration
LI Xiao-long, WANG Xue-dong
With investigation and study on the abandoned limestone mines in Shandong Province due to long-term unreasonable exploitation in history, it is found that the ecological environment of the mines widely distributed in the west and middle-south of Shandong have been seriously destroyed. The waste slag after quarrying are mostly piled into skirt-like slopes, tent-like heaps and high-steep slopes. With exposed bedrock and developed fissures, they will easily trigger debris flow and slide under concentrated rainfall conditions. Combined with the revirescence project practice of certain abandoned limestone mine in Zhangqiu city, the paper summarizes a comprehensive treatment and restoration experience on geological environment dominated by engineering measures, while taking into account ecological restoration, which would be a certain promotional value.
2018 Vol. 27 (1): 89-92 [
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93
APPLICATION OF ALTERATION ANOMALY EXTRACTION BY REMOTE SENSING BASED ON LANDSAT 8 OLI DATA: A Case Study of Ar Horqin Qi, Inner Mongolia
JIANG Shan, ZHANG Yu-jin, WANG Yan, ZHANG Chao, LI Wei, GUO Jian-gang
The methodology of "interference suppression-principal component analysis-exception filter" is applied in the geological survey in Ar Horqin Qi, Inner Mongolia. The alteration anomaly information is extracted by remote sensing on the basis of metallogenic condition in the study area and characteristics of Landsat 8 OLI sensor data. Quite a few mineralized occurrences are also discovered in the field validation for the extracted result, which provides strong support for geological prospecting.
2018 Vol. 27 (1): 93-98 [
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99
APPLICATION OF IMAGING TECHNIQUE IN GRAVITY PROSPECTING IN MINING AREAS
LU Li-chun, WEN Bo, CHENG Bin, ZHOU Ming-xia, JIANG Hong, ZHANG Pei, ZHANG Heng
The method of probability imaging, usually used to process the data in gravity prospecting, however, cannot show good result in the study on a certain mining area in Northeast China. While combining with gravity gradient probability imaging, it can solve the difficulty of field separation and remove the superposition of interference field in practical work. The gravity anomalies in the study area can be well interpreted with delineation of anomalous geological bodies through comparative analysis on vertical and horizontal gradient probability imaging, which can provide a more powerful basis for prospecting and solve the problems of inversion and interpretation of gravitational field in complex areas.
2018 Vol. 27 (1): 99-102,88 [
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103
APPLICATION OF PNN IN THE LITHOLOGY IDENTIFICATION OF LOGGING WHILE DRILLING IN COAL FIELD
CHEN Gang
The principle of PNN (probabilistic neural network) method and its algorithm training processes, especially the selection of lithologic parameters and establishment of lithologic identification model, are discussed in detail in the paper. The advantages and disadvantages of different identification methods are analyzed with comparison between PNN and other six lithology identifications, as well as the prediction results under the same condition. The study shows that the PNN method is the best in production and application with the shortest training identification time. The use of artificial intelligence neural network for automatic interpretation and analysis of logging data can meet the needs of timeliness and rapid interpretation of logging while drilling (LWD).
2018 Vol. 27 (1): 103-106 [
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