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2013 Vol.22 Issue.4,
Published 2013-08-31
259
SHALE GAS REVOLUTION:Impact to China's Resources Exploration Strategy
ZHANG Kang
The great success of tight oil development in US has not only essentially impacted the supply situation in US and even the world, but also enlightened the idea of subsurface resources exploration. Firstly, the development of unconventional resources can multifold the recoverable resources. Secondly, the new field discovery can be generated by broadening the oil and ore exploration method. Finally, the above assumptions can only be realized by technological innovations. Also, the mineral resources development of China should focus on various unconventional resources, with improved beneficiation and comprehensive utilization, exploration and development. That could become true by actively and insistently searching for fresh idea, new field and high technology.
2013 Vol. 22 (4): 259-263 [
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LASER
40
Ar/
39
Ar DATING AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE HIGH-Mg# VOLCANIC ROCKS FROM THE TUQUAN BASIN IN CENTRAL DAXINGANLING
LI Yong-fei, SUN Shou-liang, GAO Xiao-yong
A detailed study is carried out on petrology, laser
40
Ar/
39
Ar dating and geochemistry of the high-Mg# volcanic rocks from Tuquan Basin in Central Daxinganling region on the ground of their genesis, magmatic origin and geological implication. It is concluded that the volcanic rocks comprise a series of the acid-medium rocks (namely, andesite and dacite) with the age of 136.0±2.0 Ma by the method of laser
40
Ar/
39
Ar dating, identical to early Early-Cretaceous. Geochemically, these rocks show a close affinity to adakitic rocks, with SiO
2
≥57.50%, high A1
2
O
3
(≥16.66%), MgO<3.31%, Mg#>45, low Y(averagely 17.53×10
-6
, <18×10
-6
) and Yb(averagely 1.84×10
-6
, <1.90×10
-6
), high Sr(>534×10
-6
) and Ba (789×10
-6
-925×10
-6
), Sr/Y=22.71-73.54, Y/Yb=8.32-11.32, enriched LREE, depleted HREE and without significant Eu anomaly (average Eu/Eu*=0.94). The features listed above imply that the original magma for the studied rocks is most likely resulted from partial melting of the thickened lower crust and in turn contaminated by the basaltic magma. Combined with the tectonic evolution characteristics in this region in Mesozoic, the volcanics from the Tuquan Basin should be derived from partial melting of the thickened lower crust as the result of the collision of Mongol-Okhotsk (Paleo-Pacific) orogenic belt.
2013 Vol. 22 (4): 264-272 [
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273
METALLOGENIC CHARACTERISTICS AND POTENTIAL OF HUOLONGMEN AREA IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE
LI Cheng-lu, QU Hui, ZHAO Zhong-hai, ZHANG Jian-feng, WANG Zhuo, XU Guo-zhan
The Huolongmen area in Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province is located in the north of DongwuzhumuqinNenjiang polymetallic metallogenic belt. In recent years, with land and resources survey, a number of potential gold mineralization or occurrences were identified in the region by integrated geological, geophysical and geochemical information, dominantly by geochemical anomalies. Based on the data from the 1:10000 geophysical and geochemical explorations, the Nanshan and Yongxin gold occurrences in Huolongmen area are analyzed for their metallogenic characteristics and ore-forming conditions. Combined with the structural settings, the potentiality of mineralization in this area is summarized, with targets for further ore prospecting project.
2013 Vol. 22 (4): 273-278,329 [
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279
ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY AND REGIONALIZATION FOR WATER RESOURCES IN HEIHE CITY, HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE
KONG Qing-xuan, LIU Cai-hong, WU Ting-wen
Ukraine is located in an important geographical position in Europe. The oil and gas industry is strategically and economically significant to the country. However, the development of this industry has been suffering from its political and economic environment. A series of problems block the development of the industry, for example:oil and gas supply and transportation constricted by Russia, monopoly of consortium and official corruption. Reform for the oil and gas industry in Ukraine is necessary.
2013 Vol. 22 (4): 279-283 [
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284
PROSPECTING FOR TUNGSTEN DEPOSITS IN SHIERDAOGOU AREA, JILIN PROVINCE
PENG Ming-sheng, YANG Hong-zhi, ZHAO Yan, LI Ming-yang
The Shierdaogou area, lying in the Paleoproterozoic Liaoji rift valley between Longgang complex landmass and Korean Rangrim block, is situated in the Changbaishan volcanic rock belt of the northeastern section of the giant Mesozoic marginal-Pacific volcanic-intrusive complex. The strata ranging various ages crop in this area, with complicated deposit types and tectonic settings. Structures moved in multiply stages, among which the Badaogou-Changbai fold-fault zone is the most significant one. This area also belongs to the Ji'an-Changbai Au-Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn-Co-W metallogenic belt. A breakthrough on tungsten deposit seeking is expected by recent detailed work.
2013 Vol. 22 (4): 284-288 [
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289
GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TECTONIC IMPLICATION OF THE IRON ORE FORMATION IN TADONG AREA, JILIN PROVINCE
KOU Lin-lin, ZHANG Sen, LV Jun-chao, LIU Gui-xiang
The Tadong iron deposit, hosted and strictly controlled by the Lalagou rock formation of Neoproterozoic Tadong group, belongs to a large scaled sedimentary metamorphic type of magnetite deposit. Petrochemically, the ore-bearing volcanic rocks are characterized by low SiO
2
, high MgO and rich Na
2
O, concentrated in orogenic belt area (island arc or active continental margin) by compositions, with relatively depleted pro-mantle elements (Cr, Ni and Co), concentrated large-ion lithophile elements, high ΣREE, highly concentrated LREE and depleted HREE content, suggesting that much continental crust material has been added to the volcanic rock composition. The deposit was formed in an island arc or active continental margin tectonic setting, which was related to the plate subduction system.
2013 Vol. 22 (4): 289-295 [
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296
STRATIGRAPHIC ASSIGNMENT AND REGIONAL CORRELATION OF THE SINIAN YINTUN FORMATION IN NORTHERN LIAONING
QU Hong-xiang, LIU Jie, HAO Ming, QU Ruo-da, LI Hong-mei, LI Dong-sheng, QUAN Xiu-jie
The Yintun Formation is distributed in the west of Dadianzi basin in Tieling, Northern Liaoning Province, lying on Changcheng to Jixian systems with angular unconformity. This formation, characterized by developed till conglomerate, corresponds to the product of Nantuo Ice Age. Its lithological assemblage is comparable with that of the Nantuo Formation of Nanhua System in Xiadong area, Western Hubei Province. Therefore, this study assigns the Yingtun Formation to Nanhua Period.
2013 Vol. 22 (4): 296-298 [
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299
GENETIC CONNECTION BETWEEN THE LEAD-ZINC AND GOLD-SILVER DEPOSITS IN THE QINGCHENGZI ORE CONCENTRATION AREA IN EASTERN LIAONING
LIU Hong-jin, SHA De-xi, LI Guo-shu
The Qingchengzi ore concentration area in Eastern Liaoning Province, consisting of the Qingchengzi lead-zinc deposit and the gold-silver deposits in periphery, is an important site for lead, zinc, gold and silver resources in North China. The distribution of the deposits is strictly controlled by the ore formations. The lead-zinc deposits occur mainly in the middle and lower parts of the third member of Dashiqiao formation, Liaohe Group. While the gold-silver deposits are hosted by the upper part of the third member of Dashiqiao formation and lower Gaixian formation. In regard to the mineralizing periods, the lead-zinc deposits were mostly formed in Paleoproterozoic to Mesozoic eras, genetically belonging to sedimentary metamorphic-magmatic hydrothermal reformation type. The forming of the gold-silver deposits was control by Mesozoic magmatism and tectonics. It is concluded that the lead-zinc deposits and the peripheral gold-silver deposit are associated with each other, in a certain genetic correlation.
2013 Vol. 22 (4): 299-303 [
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304
DEVELOPING MODEL AND PROSPECT OF THE DEEP IRON DEPOSITS IN ANSHAN-BENXI AREA, LIAONING PROVINCE
LIU Qun, ZHANG Wei, CHENG Wei, LI Wen-qing
Anshan-Benxi area is the most important metallogenic site of banded iron formation in China, with numerous large and super large iron deposits. On the basis of regional geological and geophysical data, adopting the Euler deconvolution processing and gravity and magnetic inversion technique, three types of developing model for the deep iron deposits are put forward by an integrated study on three-dimensional geological modeling, with a prediction for iron ore prospect. It is predicted that the thrust nappe type and syncline covering type deep of iron deposits exist in Huolianzhai, Sishanling, Wolongzhen, east of Nanfen and Beitai. The Cenozoic covering type of deep deposits are expected in Zhangtaizizhen, southwest of Dengta County and northwestern Anshan. Furthermore, iron formations may exist about 3 km under the thrust fault in Huolianzhai of Benxi, about 2 km under the thrust fault in Sishanling of Benxi, and about 2 km under the covered area in Zhangtaizizhen of Dengta, with a great prospect.
2013 Vol. 22 (4): 304-307 [
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308
U-Pb AGE OF ZIRCON FROM THE SYENOGRANITE IN ADELAGAWULA, INNER MONGOLIA
ZHANG Yu-qing, ZHANG Jian, QU qiang, GAO Qing-Xiu
The Adelagawula syenogranite occurs in Abaga Qi, Inner Mongolia, near the Sino-Mongolian border. The intrusive rock was assigned to Early-Yanshanian (K
γ
5
2
) by 1:200 000 regional geological surveyor or Lower Permian as alkali feldspar granite(P
1
χγ
) in 1:250 000 regional geological survey. The U-Pb isotopic dating of the syenogranite shows the age of 273.1±0.4 Ma. Combined with regional geological data and previous research, it is possibly a product of Early Permian magmatism. The syenogranite, with high silica, high potassium, per-aluminum and poor calcium-magnesium-iron, belongs to post-orogenic I-type granite. The REE distribution is in V-shaped pattern, with low total rare earth content, unobvious fractionation of LREE and HREE,
δ
Eu values ranging from 0.07 to 0.60 and strongly depleted Eu.
2013 Vol. 22 (4): 308-312 [
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313
RESEARCH ON EXPLORATION GEOCHEMICAL METHODS IN FUKESHAN, NORTHERN DAXINGANLING REGION
LI Xiang-wen, ZHANG Chun-ge, LI Qing-lu, WANG Xian-zhong, LIU Tao, JIN Hai-bin
The exploration geochemical methods play an important role in northern Daxinganling region, which presents a typical swamp forest landscape. Although sharing the same natural environment in general, the local geology, geomorphology, development of vegetation and degree of weathering are various. This may influence the choice of working methods and their application effects. Based on the research of stream sediment and soil geochemical survey in 1:50000 scale and later verification, it is concluded that the Fukeshan area belongs to medium-low mountainous swamp forest landscape. Samples of stream sediment survey can adopt fine sand, powder sand and rock debris. The pretreating method for field samples is water sieve, with size fraction of-10 to+60 mesh for preliminary processing. Sampling is carried out in Horizon B for the secondary verification to 1:10000 pedogeochemistry survey. The samples are composed of mainly brown and earthy yellow soil, with preliminary processing size of-40 mesh, sorting after drying.
2013 Vol. 22 (4): 313-317 [
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318
ANALYSIS OF THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERRISTICS OF No. 15 COAL RESERVOIR IN NORTHEASTERN QINSHUI BASIN
YIN Shuai, SHAN Yu-ming, WANG Lei, ZHAO Jun-hui, ZHENG Lian-hui
A comprehensive analysis is carried out on No.15 coal reservoir in the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation in northeastern Qinshui Basin from the aspects of macroscopic view, thin slide, electronic microscopy, mercury intrusion and mechanics. The result shows that the coal facies of such type can form good coal reservoir, with high V/I value, which reaches Grade I standard for reservoir assessment in depth, thickness, effective porosity and structure, favorable for the exploitation of coalbed methane. The cleats in No.15 coalbed are developed, but commonly filled with vein calcite. The pore-throat relation of microporous-micro throat type is also unfavorable factor for coalbed methane development. Comparison of mechanic parameters of the coalbeds in the studied area to those in southern Qinshui Basin shows obvious differences in the roof and floor rocks. Although the pressure-breaks extend to the roof and floor, width and height of the breaks are smaller than those in southern Qinshui Basin. So the pressure-breaks are relatively easy to be controlled in coalbeds.
2013 Vol. 22 (4): 318-325 [
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326
APPLICATION OF CLUSTER ANALYSIS IN THE STUDY OF No. 534 URANIUM-MOLYBDENUM DEPOSIT
LI Qing, ZHANG Zhen-qiang
Cluster analysis, including Q-mode clustering and R-mode clustering, is a kind of statistical method in which similarity degree of some common properties of different geologic bodies and geologic phenomena are classified. On the basis of clustering for No. 534 U-Mo deposit, the ore samples are divided into three groups, each with much different geochemical features. The uranium mineralization in deep of the eastern ore block of the deposit has the characteristics of ore root; while that in shallow has the characteristics of ore body. On the contrary, the mineralization in deep of western ore block has features of ore top. It is thus concluded that the deep part of the western ore block is promising for further exploration.
2013 Vol. 22 (4): 326-329 [
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330
DETERMINATION OF CONCENTRATION OF COPPER IN A HIGH SILVER-BEARING COPPER CONCENTRATE BY IMPROVED AMMONIA-IODOMETRY
LI Min
An improved ammonia-iodometry is developed to determine the concentration of copper in a high silver-bearing copper concentrate in Hechi, Guangxi Region. Samples are dissolved by hydrochloric acid-nitric acid-bromine system, and then an appropriate amount of hydrochloric acid is added to eliminate the residual contamination of high content of silver. The pH value of the solution is regulated by ammonia-acetic acid. The concentration of copper is finally determined by titration with standard solution of sodium thiosulfate. Satisfactory results are obtained.
2013 Vol. 22 (4): 330-332 [
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333
APPLICATION OF VISUAL MODFLOW IN THE DYNAMIC SURVEY AND ASSESSMENT FOR GROUNDWATER IN SONGNEN PLAIN
GUO Xiao-dong, TIAN Hui, FANG Zhang
Based on Visual Modflow (VM) software, the latest surveillance data from 2008 to 2009 is adopted to test the numerical simulation of groundwater for dynamic simulating assessment of the groundwater in Songnen Plain. The result shows that the average absolute value of model fitting error is at about 0.5 m. The VM can meet the requirements of dynamic assessment of groundwater, thus can be applied in large basins. The predicted results suggest that the growth of current groundwater exploitation is unsustainable, so more scientific and rational exploitation projects should be designed to protect the groundwater resources.
2013 Vol. 22 (4): 333-336 [
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337
SOME IMPORTANT ISSUES ON THE BASIC GEOLOGY IN NORTHEAST CHINA
GAO Song, OUYANG Zhao-zhuo, ZHAO Ai-lin, LI Ming-yang
Northeast China is situated in the west of circum-Pacific tectonic domain, formerly belonged to the Paleo-Asian tectonic domain in pre-Mesozoic era. Some important issues on the basic geology in the area are still left for further geological survey and research, including regional stratigraphic division, igneous rock assemblages and geochronology, temporal-spatial evolution of large-scale deformation structures, tectonic patterns and so on. The solution for above mentioned problems will not only provide a basis for the resources and environment planning, exploration and development in NE China, but also promote the geological research in Northeast China to international level.
2013 Vol. 22 (4): 337-339 [
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340
OVERVIEW OF THE PRECAMBRIAN GEOLOGY OF MADAGASCAR
CHE Ji-ying, ZHAO Yuan-dong, WANG Kui-liang, ZHAO Jun
The Madagascar Island, as one of the most important Precambrian metamorphic blocks of the earth, is a significant component of the Gondwana supercontinent. Geological survey in the island has been carried out since the beginning of the 19th Century. In the last 20 years, the applications of new theories and techniques improve the study of fundamental geology. Tectonically, the Madagascar Island can be divided into five units, i.e. the Archean Antongil block, the Archean-Proterozoic Antananarivo block, the Archean Tsaratanana greenstone belt, the southern Proterozoic block and the northern Neoproterozoic block, each of which can be subdivided into different tectonic units. As a whole, Madagascar experienced the Archean basement formation and the Neoproterozoic block activation. The stage of the Neoproterozoic block activation is closely related to the formation of Gondwana supercontinent.
2013 Vol. 22 (4): 340-346 [
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