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2008 Vol.17 Issue.3,
Published 2008-09-30
161
THE 44 Ma/42 Ma INTERVAL OF VOLCANIC EVENTS IN NORTHEAST CHINA AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN GEOLOGY AND ORE-SEARCHING
WANG Kai-hong, JIA Hai-ming, ZHANG Jun-ying, PENG Yu-Jing
According to K-Ar age data, at lease once volcanic event of basaltic magma eruption is recorded in every Ma from 48 Ma to 32 Ma during Paleogene Period in Northeast China, except one interval between 44 Ma and 42 Ma. The age record of 43 Ma±is not found in 60 age data in the whole region. That time was just when the Pacific plate moved from NNW direction turning to NW-NWW direction, as well as the activity of the volcanic chain of the Emperor Ocean Ridge-Hawaiian Seamount turning from NNW to NW-NWW. The stress field in Northeast China continental margin changed from regional pull apart-tension to NW-trending stretch stress field. The marginal rift superimposed on the pull apart-tensioned basin, or formed new rift basin. The ore-bearing rock series of petroleum, oil shale and coal were formed in Late Eocene and performed as the main ore-bearing strata in Paleogene sedimentary basin.
2008 Vol. 17 (3): 161-165,180 [
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166
SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT AND TECTONO-PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE PALEOPROTEROZOIC DASHIQIAO FORMATION IN EASTERN LIAONING
XIANG Cai, CHEN Yue-yue, CAO Hong-liang, LIU Min
The 3rd member of Paleoproterozoic Dashiqiao formation in Pianling, Xiuyan County, Eastern Liaoning can be subdivided into 6 lithologic layers, each of which has different characters of lithologic assemblage. The CaO/MgO ratio of carbonate rock is an indicator for sedimentary environment. With analysis on the characters of lithologic assemblage and the CaO/MgO ratio of each layer, it is inferred that the sedimentary environment of Late Dashiqiao age in Pianling area was evolved in the process of arid lagoon and closed bay-open shallow sea-shore-arid lagoon and close bay-shallow sea (occasionally intertidal zone or shore)-alternative of shore and shallow sea.
2008 Vol. 17 (3): 166-169 [
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170
GEOLOGY OF THE SANKUANGGOU GOLD-BEARING IRON-COPPER DEPOSIT IN NENJIANG COUNTY,HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE
LI Zhi-tong, WANG Xi-jin, WANG Hong-bo, WU Guang
The Sankuanggou Au-bearing Fe-Cu deposit in Nenjiang County, Heilongjiang Province, belonging to typical skarn type, occurs in the exocontact of the Variscan granite intrusive. The skarnization and hydrothermal sulfide mineralization formed numerous chalcopyrite, auriferous chalcopyrite and magnetite ore bodies. The ore minerals are mainly chalcopyrite, bornite, magnetite and electrum, accompanied by the useful components of Se, Te, Ga and In. The Sankuanggou granite body, fracture and contact zone, and the stratum of Duobaoshan formation control the forming of the deposit. The exploration for the same type of deposits in Sankuanggou-Duobaoshan area is promising.
2008 Vol. 17 (3): 170-174 [
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175
GEOCHEMICAL ANOMALIES AND PROSPECTING PREDICTION OF THE BANBISHAN GOLD FIELD IN HEBEI PROVINCE
ZHANG Guang-fan, WU Sheng-jie, ZHANG Zhi-wei, AO Ying-feng, LI Yan-bo, FAN Xiao-xun
The Banbishan gold deposit, located in the east of the Eastern Hebei metallogenic province, genetically belongs to metamorphic hydrothermal type. By geochemical survey, a NNE-trending As-W-Au-Ag-Sb anomalous belt of stream sediment covering 200 km
2
is found, along with 4 soil Au anomalous belts and 13 sub-anomalous belts. According to the geochemical characteristics and on the basis of surface proving, two of the anomalies are verified by drilling. Four gold orebodies are seen in the drill holes. Blind ore veins are found at -45 m elevation. Study on the geochemical anomaly shows that the front element assemblage of gold orebody is characterized by As-Sb(-Au)-Ag, the middle by Au-As-Sb-Pb(-Ag)-Cu-Zn, and the tail by Co-Ni(-Ag)-Cu. By analysis, the element assemblage characteristics of the blind ore veins are the same as those of the front anomaly. So the second "metallogenic elevation" is predicted in the deep.
2008 Vol. 17 (3): 175-180 [
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181
ORE-CONTROLLING STRUCTURAL DEFORMATION AND ITS RELATION TO THE METALLOGENESIS IN DABEIWU GOLD ORE FIELD IN JIANGXI PROVINCE
LIU Nan-qing, HUANG Jian-feng, OU-YANG Qing, GU De-he
By study on the features of foliation and lineation structures in the Dabeiwu gold ore field in Jiangxi Province, with correlative rock and mineral testing, the structural deformation facies are established corresponding to the regional tectonic development. The relationship between the ore-controlling structural deformation and the metallogenesis is analyzed. It is concluded that, the gold deposit is formed by the enrichment of useful elements during the structural superimposition in the core of Zhanggongshan terrain in the south of Jiangnan massif (old land) on the southeast margin of Lower Yangtze plate, with a series of structural deformations from deep-medium level to shallow level.
2008 Vol. 17 (3): 181-185,174 [
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186
GEOLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS AND PROSPECTING INDICATORS OF SANGEDINGZI MOLYBDENUM-ZINC DEPOSIT IN JILIN PROVINCE
YANG Qing-hong, WANG Cui-juan, ZHAO Ming-yue
The Sangedingzi Mo-Zn deposit belongs to skarn deposit, with ore bodies occurring as veins in the interbed faults in the marble of Ordovician Shifeng formation. The metallogenesis is closely related to Yanshanian plagiogranite and granite porphyry. The molybdenum ore bodies favorite skarn, with molybdenite commonly enriched at the concentration of garnet, in dissemination or veinlets. Based on the geologic characteristics, controlling factors and genesis of the deposit, the regularities of the occurrence and enrichment, as well as the prospecting indicators are determined.
2008 Vol. 17 (3): 186-189,228 [
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190
GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS AND PROSPECTING GUIDE FOR URANIUM DEPOSIT IN THE DAQINGSHAN AREA, LIAONING PROVINCE
ZHOU Fu-qing
The Daqingshan area in Liaoning Province experienced intense volcanic activities during late Yanshanian, forming the volcanic collapse basin of central style. Various types of uranium mineralization are developed from the center to outside of the basin. With analysis on the geologic conditions for the metallogenesis of uranium deposits, it is recognized that the endocontact and exocontact of the volcanic collapse basin are favorable positions for uranium metallogenesis, with great potential. Based on this, the prospecting direction for uranium deposits in the area is pointed out.
2008 Vol. 17 (3): 190-193 [
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194
VANADIUM DEPOSITS IN THE LOWER CAMBRIAN BLACK ROCK SERIES IN HUNAN PROVINCE
LIU Guang-zhao, YIN Hua-feng, LIU Yu-feng, FU Yi-ping
Abundant nonferrous metallic, precious metallic, rare earth metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources are hosted in the Early Cambrian black rock series in south China. Among them, the vanadium deposits located on the southeast margin of Yangtze platform are with great potential. The vanadium deposits in Hunan Province occur in the organic-rich carbonaceous, siliceous, phosphate black rock series at the bottom of Lower Cambrian. The ore bodies are broadly distributed in simple layers, with stable occurrence, shallow depth and huge reserves. The metallogenesis started with hydrothermal deposition epoch and ended with normal sedimentation epoch, which alternatively perform as the peak epochs for the mineralization of vanadium. The deposit is characterized by both hydrothermal deposition and microbiologic metallogenesis, genetically belonging to bio-geochemical deposition.
2008 Vol. 17 (3): 194-201 [
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202
CURRENT SITUATION AND CHANGING TREND OF THE LAND DESERTIFICATION IN SONGNEN PLAIN
ZHANG Zhe-huan, ZHAO Hai-qing, LI Chun-xia, LIU Qiang, MA Hong-wei, ZHU Wei, ZHANG Ting-xiu
The desertified lands in Songnen plain are distributed mainly in the center and west of the plain, including the Songnen desert land and a part of Horqin desert land. The desertification is located in the semiarid area, where the annual precipitation is 350-450 mm, with sensitive ecologic environment. The desertification of Songnen plain in both 1986 and 2001 are interpreted by RS and GIS technique. Combined with field investigation, the current situation and changing trend of the desertification is studied. The result reveals that the desertification in Songnen plain is in a developing trend. From 1986 to 2001, the area of desertified land increased 861.1 km
2
, in an expanding rate of 0.44% annually. The heavily desertified land changed in the greatest expanding rate. The area of moderate desertified land increased the most; while that of the lightly desertified land decreased a little.
2008 Vol. 17 (3): 202-207,234 [
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208
APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK IN THE RESTORATION OF TRITIUM CONCENTRATION IN PRECIPITATION
LONG Wen-hua, CHEN Hong-han, DUAN Qing-mei, LI Zhi, PAN Hong-jie, LIU Rong-yi
The artificial neural networks are able to distinguish the complex nonlinear relations between the input/output data. Based on such characteristics, this article selects IAEA/WMO observation data of tritium concentration in atmospheric precipitation from 70 gauging stations in Northern Hemisphere (latitude 22-74°) to establish the restoration model for the annual average concentration of tritium in atmospheric precipitation. With comparison, it is concluded that, the tritium concentration restored by the artificial neural networks can objectively reflect its true value, which provides a new thought for the datum-free areas to restore the tritium concentration in atmospheric precipitation from 1953.
2008 Vol. 17 (3): 208-212 [
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213
ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION AND METHOD COMPARISON: A case study of the shallow-sea sediments in Fujian
CHEN Bo-yang
The index of Geoaccumulation (I
geo
), Nemero index of pollution and the potential ecological risk index (RI) are adopted to assess the pollution of seven heavy metals (Hg, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd and As) for 461 samples from the shallow-sea sediments along Fujian coast. The methods are compared. The result shows that the overproof heavy metals are dominated by Cr (24.1%) and Cu (15.0%), followed by Pb (6.3%) and Zn (5.0%). The greatest potential ecological risk occurs at Jiulongjiang estuary, where Cd is in highest potential ecological risk, but with less potential ecological risk of Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. Each of the three assessment methods has its speciality. The combined application will reasonably and systematically assess the heavy metal pollution.
2008 Vol. 17 (3): 213-218,228 [
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A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE FORMING CONDITION OF THE NATURAL SODA WATER IN BAOQUAN TOWN, HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE
TIAN Da-yong, CUI Zhong-yuan, KONG Qing-xuan, WANG Di
Based on the stratigraphy, structure, hydrogeology and hydrogeochemical environment, the distribution and forming condition of the soda water in Baoquan Town,Kedong County of Heilongjiang Province are discussed. That soda is formed by the processes of sedimentation, volcanic activities and fault structure. The natural soda water occurs mainly in the pore-fissure confined aquifer of the clastic rock of Nenjiang group, Upper Cretaceous. Affected by the Himalayan volcanic activities and fault movements, the closed reduction environment of the Upper Cretaceous aquifer in Kedong County changed to open or semi-open oxidation environment, leading to decarbonization. The ions of HCO
3
-
and Na
+
became the main components of the groundwater. The natural soda water is thus formed.
2008 Vol. 17 (3): 219-221 [
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DESIGN AND REALIZATION OF THE MO-BASED RESEARCH AND PROSPECT MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
ZHANG Guang-yu, LI Jing-Chun, KANG Zhuang
The Research and Prospect Management Information System (RPMIS), integrating geological, geochemical, geophysical and remote sensing information for geology prospect by GIS and database technlolgy, can greatly promote the informatization of geological survey. The system realizes data storage with the Access Database. The GIS module of MapObject is applied in spatial data management, including data demonstration, inquiry, output and so on. As to the inquiry of comprehensive information, the SQL inquiry language is adopted to realize the effective integration of database and GIS. The System module includes mainly the management module of writing materials about mining areas, the management module of spatial data, the management module of documents and the inquiry module of database.
2008 Vol. 17 (3): 222-228 [
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229
APPLICATION OF RGMAP TECHNIQUE IN REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL SURVEY: Matters concerned in data arrangement during route survey
LI Yong-fei, SHI Bin, BIAN Xiong-fei
The content of each element involved in geological route is the fundamental information in the course of digital regional geological mapping (RGMAP technique). The unified content format of these elements during data collection is a critical requirement for the geological map-drawing, as well as an effective indicator of all characteristics possessed by the digital regional geological mapping system. In this paper, the working procedure with digital mapping in the route survey is suggested to provide reference for other users of RGMAP technique.
2008 Vol. 17 (3): 229-231 [
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ESTABLISHMENT AND APPLICATION OF THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR HIGH GROUND STRESS
XU Yao-jian
Hole shrinkages commonly take place under high ground stress. They are usually assessed only by on-thespot analysis and experiences, which are not enough for the prediction and accurate calculation of shrinking. A mathematical model of drilling hole in high ground stress area is established in the paper, thus the calculation formulas for of stress, strain and displacement are derived. With these formulas, the parameters of drilling holes in high ground stress area are calculated, and the stability of the holes is estimated.
2008 Vol. 17 (3): 232-234 [
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235
RECOVERY OF FELDSPAR RAW MATERIAL FROM GRANITE ROCKS FOR CERAMIC AND PORCELAIN INDUSTRIES
Mohamed El-Omla, Salah Shata
Granite is the main source of feldspar for ceramic and porcelain industry after pegmatite. The problem with granite as a source of feldspar is the presence of mica and iron oxides that cause reducing the strength, hardness and density of the final product (low quality ceramics). This study presents the results of applying two phases of separation on Zhejiang granite, Southeastern China, in order to improve the quality of the feldspar obtained from this granite. The first phase is gravitational separation to remove the heavy impurities and the second phase is magnetic separation to further minimize the iron content. Mechanical property tests are conducted on the feldspar product of 3 samples:raw granite, processed granite I (granite after gravity separation, china clay and quartz), and processed granite Ⅱ (granite after complete processing, china clay and quartz). Micro-hardness, strength, fracture toughness and density show sharp improvement in the quality of the processed granite relative to raw one. This improvement is attributed to the absence of undesired impurities (mica and heavy minerals).
2008 Vol. 17 (3): 235-240 [
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