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2019 Vol.28 Issue.6,Published 2019-12-31
Contents
Contents
503 PALEOFLORA AND PALEOCLIMATE ANALYSIS OF THE MIOCENE GUANTAO FORMATION IN EASTERN BOHAI BAY BASIN
WANG Shu, YIN Tai-ju
The characteristics of sporopollen assemblage and climate evolution of Guantao Formation in eastern Bohai Bay area are obtained through drawing of the sporopollen spectrum and statistic analysis of sporopollen data, which are shown as follows. The evolution of tree layer is divided into two stages:coniferous tree-dominated mixed forest in the early Guantao Formation (with sporopollen assemblage zone III and IV), and deciduous forest containing many subtropical elements in the late Guantao Formation (with sporopollen assemblage zone I and II). It is found from the statistics that the hygrophyte are significantly more than the xerophyte, and the philotherm more than the thermophile, with a typical subtropical monsoon climate characteristics. The S/A and E-T parameters are calculated by selected typical sporopollen to describe the climate changes between sample spots in detail, which proves that the climate of Guantao Formation fluctuated frequently and was mainly hot and humid.
2019 Vol. 28 (6): 503-511,552 [Abstract] ( 88 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 839KB] ( 331 )
512 APPLICATION OF PRIMARY HALO IN DEEP METALLOGENIC PREDICTION: A Case Study of Yongxin Gold Deposit in Heihe Area
LIANG Ke-wei, ZHAO Zhong-hai, GUO Yan
Primary halo has proved to be an effective geochemical exploration method for concealed orebodies prediction and prospecting by a number of long-term practices. Based on the exploration of Yongxin gold deposit, the paper analyzes the primary halo of drill holes by collecting rock samples from four boreholes along the No. 180 exploratory line with the best ore-discovery in the area. The results define the front halo element association of As-Sb-Hg, near-ore halo of Au-Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn and rear halo of W-Mo-Bi-Co-Ni-Cd. Compared with the typical zoning model of gold deposits summarized by previous researchers, the existence of rear halo elements in front halo and the front halo elements also in rear halo sequence shows the reverse zoning feature, indicating the blind ores exist in both the upper and lower of orebody. As the blind ores in the upper part to southeast has been denuded according to the orebody developing form, further exploration should focus on the lower part to the northwest.
2019 Vol. 28 (6): 512-518 [Abstract] ( 96 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 557KB] ( 292 )
519 MINEROGENETIC CONDITIONS AND PROSPECTING DIRECTION OF THE CRETACEOUS SANDSTONE URANIUM DEPOSIT IN NORTHEAST SONGLIAO BASIN
DAI Wen-yi, LI Yan, ZHAO Zhong-hua, ZHANG Yang, ZHANG Hang
Through studying the uranium source conditions, Mesozoic tectonic evolution and Cretaceous sedimentary formation of the provenance area in northeast Songliao Basin, combined with the seismic well-tie section data of petroleum sectors, the paper analyzes the metallogenic conditions of sandstone uranium deposits comprehensively. It is believed that the uranium-rich granite body in the basin margin provides abundant uranium sources and the denudation window formed by the inversion structure in Late Mesozoic serves as the channel for infiltration and seepage of uranium-containing and oxygenated water. The results show that Suiling area in the northeast of Songliao Basin is the most favorable prospecting site for sandstone uranium deposits, with the Upper Cretaceous Quantou Formation and the shallow part of Yaojia Formation as the main target layers, focusing on the type of interlayer oxidation zone.
2019 Vol. 28 (6): 519-525,560 [Abstract] ( 80 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 883KB] ( 309 )
526 METALLOGENIC CHARACTERISTICS AND REGULARITIES OF TIN DEPOSITS IN QINGHAI PROVINCE
LI Cong, LIANG Ting, CHEN Yong-kang, DING Liang
Tin is one of the non-ferrous metal minerals with great prospecting potential in Qinghai Province. The ore-forming ages are relatively concentrated, mainly in Indosinian and Hercynian. The tin deposits and occurrences, dominated by skarn type, are mainly distributed in the East Kunlun metallogenic belt. Combined with previous researches and geological data, the paper discusses the metallogenic geological background, general resources situation, genetic types of deposit, ore-controlling factors, metallogenic age and division of tin metallogenic belts, summarizes the metallogenic characteristics and regularities, and puts forward suggestions for further exploration of tin ores in Qinghai Province.
2019 Vol. 28 (6): 526-534 [Abstract] ( 110 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 761KB] ( 255 )
535 DISCUSSION ON THE ORE TYPES AND GENESIS OF LAOCHANG POLYMETALLIC DEPOSIT IN LANCANG AREA, YUNNAN PROVINCE
WANG Lei, LI Gao-quan, LI Hong-jiang, CHEN Pin-hong, CAI Chang-hou, YANG Da-sheng
The Laochang deposit in Lancang, Yunnan Province, is one of the most important Pb-Zn-Cu-Mo polymetallic deposits in the southern Sanjiang metallogenic belt. According to different ore-bearing characteristics, lithology, ore structures and metallogenic elements, the ore types of the study area are systematically divided into Pb-Zn sulfide ore, Pb-Zn oxidized ore, granular Cu-bearing pyrite ore, massive Cu-bearing pyrite ore, skarn-type ore and porphyry molybdenum ore. The orebody occurrence, trace element geochemistry and chronology all show that the Pb-Zn sulfide ore, granular Cu-bearing pyrite ore and massive Cu-bearing pyrite ore are of volcanic exhalation sedimentary origin (VMS type), while the Pb-Zn oxide ore, skarn-type ore and porphyry molybdenum ore are of porphyry hydrothermal origin. The main ore-controlling factor of VMS type is strata, that of Pb-Zn oxide ore is structure, that of skarn-type ore is lithology and that of porphyry molybdenum ore is rock mass.
2019 Vol. 28 (6): 535-542 [Abstract] ( 75 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 793KB] ( 267 )
543 THE PALEOGENE SEDIMENTARY SYSTEM AND EVOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF LENGHU STRUCTURAL BELT IN NORTHERN QAIDAM BASIN
WANG Bo, ZHOU Fei, SHI Zheng-hao, ZHU Jun, MA Jin-ye, LI Zhe-xiang, HUAN Zhi-jun, GUO Li-jun
The Paleogene sedimentary system and evolution characteristics of Lenghu structural belt are studied based on the core observation, analysis of heavy mineral, logging data and seismic data of key exploratory wells in the west section of northern Qaidam Basin. The results indicate that the alluvial fan-braided river-braided river delta-lacustrine sedimentary system is developed in the Paleogene strata, with the provenance from the nearby Xiaosaishitengshan and Saishitengshan in the northeast. The braided river and braided river delta plain were mainly developed during the depositional stage of Paleogene Lulehe Formation (E1+2), with only a few alluvial fan deposits near the piedmont. There were mainly braided river, braided river delta plain, braided river delta front and shore-shallow lake deposits in the sedimentary period of Xiaganchaigou Formation (E3). The Paleogene Lenghu structural belt is shown as a large-scale transgression process with obvious vertical depositional inheritance, which well records the sedimentary evolution. The sedimentary system and evolution process are favorable for the alternating deposition of coarse and fine clastics and form good reservoir-cap association, which provides reliable geological basis for further oil-gas exploration in Lenghu structural belt of Qaidam Basin.
2019 Vol. 28 (6): 543-552 [Abstract] ( 74 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 870KB] ( 248 )
553 DISCUSSION ON THE SALT STRUCTURE TYPES AND GENETIC MECHANISM OF QIANJIANG FORMATION IN QIANJIANG DEPRESSION, JIANGHAN BASIN
LI Meng-lu, YIN Tai-ju
The Qianjiang Depression is located in the central part of Jianghan Basin with Tankou oilfield close to the Qianbei fault. Through exploration and exploitation, it is found that the formation thickness varies greatly in a short distance with poor lateral continuity and narrow distribution range between sand bodies according to the logging, drilling and production performance data. As the salt rocks are well developed in the area, the types of a series of salt structures including salt bed detachment zone, detachment fault, salt dome and salt diapir structures are analyzed based on the seismic section and development of salt bed. The genetic mechanism of salt structures in the area is dominated by strike-slip. According to the salt structure types, the genetic mechanism can be recognized as salt bed detachment, uplift and diapirism. The evolution of salt structure is divided into three stages:the incubation period of salt structure in Jingsha Formation, the formation period of salt structure in Eq4-Eq3 of Qianjiang Formation, and the finalization period of salt structure in Eq2-Jinghezhen Formation. The development of salt rocks and formation of salt structures lead to the poor lateral continuity of target sand body and small distribution range of oil layer, thus exerting an effect on the oil-gas accumulation.
2019 Vol. 28 (6): 553-560 [Abstract] ( 72 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 803KB] ( 239 )
561 GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND INFLUENCE FACTORS OF DESORBED GAS OF SHALE: A Case Study of JYA Well in Jiaoshiba area, Sichuan Basin
QING Jia-wei, XU Shang, LI Yi-Xiao, SHU Zhi-guo, GOU Qi-yang, WANG Yu-xuan, CHENG Xuan
Through the desorption of shale core samples from Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in JYA well of Jiaoshiba area, the total gas content in shale is calculated, and the desorbed gas samples are collected at different times for the determination of compositions and stable carbon isotopes. The results are shown as follows:1) The gas content in the study area is high, which is mainly controlled by mineral compositions, organic carbon content and water saturation, dominated by methane, a kind of typical dry gas. 2) The desorbed shale gas compositions change regularly with desorption time. The contents of CH4 and C2H6 increase gradually, CO2 content first decreases then increases, and N2 decreases gradually. 3) The δ13C1 and δ13C2 in the desorbed gas show different degrees of fractionation, mainly controlled by the "adsorption-desorption" process. 4) The desorption processes of shale gas with various lithofacies are different. At the first stage, the δ13C1 of mud-rich siliceous mixed shale samples changes from heavy to light, while that of the silicon-rich shale samples from light to heavy, which may be due to the inorganic pores that are dominated in the mud-rich siliceous mixed shale with large pore diameter and large proportion of free gas in the total gas content.
2019 Vol. 28 (6): 561-569 [Abstract] ( 66 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 804KB] ( 206 )
570 IDENTIFICATION OF THE MINOR FAULTS IN HUIMIN SAG AND PHYSICAL SIMULATION OF THEIR FORMATION MECHANISM
XIAO Fan, SU Chao-guang, WU Kong-you, MA Yu-ge
On the basis of high-precision 3D seismic data, through signal enhancement, large-scale display and ant body tracking technology, the identification marks of minor faults on section are established as follows:1) slight misalignment of co-phase axis; 2) bifurcation and merging of cophase axis; 3) deflection and strong phase conversion of co-phase axis; 4) reflection disorder or blank band; 5) sudden increase/decrease/disappearance of co-phase axis, abrupt change of wave group interval, showing discontinuity; and 6) using ant algorithm seismic profiles. By analyzing the spatial combination styles of different-scale faults in Linbei area, the evolution processes are restored based on the principle of balanced section. The physical simulation shows that the minor faults are the derivative or associated structures of the major fault activity, which are mainly caused by the regional stress field near the major fault, mostly parallel to the major fault and distributed in parallel.
2019 Vol. 28 (6): 570-575 [Abstract] ( 72 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 767KB] ( 511 )
576 RESERVOIR FORMATION REGULARITY AND FAVORABLE AREA PREDICTION OF MALAY BASIN
WANG Yong-zhen, TANG Shu-heng, ZHENG Qiu-gen
The source rocks of Malay Basin include lacustrine shale and fluvial delta coal and shale, in which the lacustrine source rocks are dominated, and the shale of K Formation has the best hydrocarbon generation potential. The source rocks in central basin are usually over-mature, while those at the edge are mostly in oil generation window or immature. The tectonic inversion of Malay Basin occurred in Middle-Late Miocene, which was mainly concentrated in the southeastern and central basin and closely related with hydrocarbon accumulation. The inversion in the center is more intensive than that in the flank of basin and increases southeastward. The basin is roughly divided into basement, bottom, middle and upper reservoir combinations. The Late Oligocene-Middle Miocene structural reservoir combination is the most significant one, with the oil reserves accounting for 85% and natural gas 48% of the basin. The source rocks experienced the process of multi-phase hydrocarbon generation and mixed hydrocarbon generation, and the hydrocarbon generation in the south of basin was restrained. The oil-gas migration is mainly lateral, supplemented by vertical migration. The distribution of oil-gas reservoir is mainly controlled by source rock maturity and basin shape, which is presented as oil reservoir in the southeast and center and gas reservoir in the north. The Malay Basin is divided into 6 exploration areas, among which the southeastern extruded anticline is the main oil-gas production area with the oil reserves making up 69% and natural gas reserves 62% of the entire basin. Nine target areas are proposed, including 3 potential favorable exploration areas and 6 new exploration areas.
2019 Vol. 28 (6): 576-589 [Abstract] ( 76 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 1232KB] ( 361 )
590 STUDY ON THE THERMAL RESERVOIR CHARACTERISTICS OF KARST GEOTHERMAL FIELDS IN TIANJIN CITY
SUI Shao-qiang, WANG Xin-wei, ZHOU Zong-ying, LIU Jin-xia, MAO Xiang
The characteristics of karst thermal reservoir are analyzed comprehensively based on the geotectonic characteristics and stratigraphic distribution of Tianjin City. It is believed that the main tectonic framework are Central Hebei depression, Cangxian uplift and Huanghua depression from northwest to southeast, with the major faults of NE-trending Cangdong fault, Tianjin fault and NW Ninghe-Baodi fault. The karst geothermal fields are mainly distributed on the Cangxian uplift where geothermal fields are developed in Wangcaozhuang, Dacheng, Panzhuang, Shuangyao and Xiaohanzhuang salients. The research suggests that the Jixianian Wumishan Formation, composed of dark gray coarse-grained dolomite and chert banded dolomite, is widely distributed throughout Tianjin with developed crevice karst and good porosity-permeability, which serves as the main thermal reservoir. The thermal current value of Cangxian uplift is higher than that of the surrounding areas. The main source of geothermal water is the mountainous area of Jixian county in the north with the major fault and unconformity as the most important migration channel.
2019 Vol. 28 (6): 590-594,569 [Abstract] ( 79 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 737KB] ( 271 )
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