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2001 Vol.10 Issue.4,Published 2001-12-31
193 THE STRATIGRAPHIC SEQUENCE AND FOSSIL-BEARING HORIZON OF THE YIXIAN FORMATION IN WESTERN LIAONING,CHINA
DING Qiu-hong, ZHANG Li-dong, GUO Sheng-zhe, ZHANG Chang-jie, PENG Yan-dong, JIA Bin, CHEN Shu-wang, XING De-he
The strata of Yixian formation are mainly of Mesozoic volcanic-sedimentary rocks.In accordance with the new geological surveying and mapping in l:50 000 scale, the lithostratigraphic units of Yixian formation in Beipiao area are basically established.The feature of volcanic cycle is obvious in Yixian formation.It consists of six members,which, from bottom to top,are:(1)basal polymictic conglomerate;(2)basic and intermediate-basic volcanic rocks,including four subcycles of volcanic activities;(3)rocks of lacustrine facies(S 5);(4)acid and alkalescence volcanic rocks;(5)upper basic volcanic rocks;and (6)top conglomerate.The fossil vertebrates of Psittacosaurus are found in the basal polymictic conglomgate and the sedimentary tuff among the second member of basic and intermediate-basic volcanic rocks.It is confirmed that the Jehol Biota of Yixian formation, including the reptile Sinosauropterxy, angiosperms Archaefructus etc.,occurs just in the sedimentary strata of lacustrine facies(S5) between the 4th and 5th basic and intermediate volcanic rock horizon.The important event of biological evolution are recorded just around the boundary between Jurassic and Cretaceous from this horizon.The research data from fossil spore-pollen and fossil plants show a phenomenon that after the arid weather of Jurassic Tuchengzi Age,the weather in Yixian Age became warm and moist.Also,by the latest paleontological study,the paleoecological environment of Jehol Biota in this area is discussed.
2001 Vol. 10 (4): 193-198 [Abstract] ( 35 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 282KB] ( 250 )
199 GEOCHEMISTRY AND METALLOGENESIS OF HUOSHI BULAK ALKALI-FELDSPAR GRANITE, XINJIANG
YANG Fu-quan, WANG Li-ben
The Huoshi Bulak alkali-feldspar granite, located in the south of Huoshi Bulak of Artux City, Xinjiang,intruded into Early Permian Bieliangjin group and Late Permian Kutiereke group. The isotopic age of the alkali-feldspar granite intrusion is 261.5±2.7 Ma. A detailed study on geology, petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry of the alkali-feldspar granite shows that the granite is composed mainly of perthite(70%-75%),quartz(23%-27%),plagioclase(1%-2%),biotite(<1%) and muscovite(<1%). The accessory minerals in these rocks include magnetite, anatase, zircon, rutile, titanite, tourmaline, fluorite etc. The chemical composition is characterized by rich SiO 2(73.20%-76.86%),total alkaline-rich(Na2O+K2O=7.91%-10.54%),high total REE(ΣREE=515.90×10-6),σ=1.98-3.70,A/NKC=0.87-1.04,LREE/HREE=2.41, (La/Yb)N=6.34,(La/Sm)N=5.12,and intensive europium deletion (δEu=0.12). Of the trace elements, Huoshi Bulak alkali-feldspar granite is with high Li, Rb, Nb, Zr, Th, Ni and Sc, enriched in F and B,poor in Cr, Co, Ni, V, Sr and Ba. Metallogenetically, the granite is obviously rich in Cu, Au, W, Sn, Pb and Zn, showing characters of Sn-polymetallic rock body, which is favorable for Sn-polymetallic mineralization. The metallogenesis of Haoshi Bulak orefield, which is related to the magmatic activity, is produced by the magmatic differentiation. The magmatic activity provided ore-forming materials and hydrothermal fluid. The emplacement of the rock body formed skarn and hornfels in the surrounding rocks, accompanied by Sn,Mo, Fe, Nb, Ta, REE, Cu, Pb and Au mineralization that is regularly distributed in the contact belt and outside of the rock body.
2001 Vol. 10 (4): 199-203 [Abstract] ( 38 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 246KB] ( 201 )
204 THE METAMORPHIC ROCKS OF LUOMAHU GROUP AND ITS ORE POTENTIALITY IN GULIKU GOLD FIELD, DAXINGANLING RIDGE
ZHU Qun, LI Zhi-tong
The Neoproterozoic-Early cambrian Luomahu group metamorphic rocks, outcropped in Guliku gold field, Daxinganling Ridge, consist of gneiss, schist, metadolerite, marble and slate,which belong to low greenschist, high greenschist and low amphibolke facies. Restoration of original rocks shows intermediate-basic and acid-intermediate volcanic rocks, fragmental rocks, siltstone, sandstone and limestone. Theain mineralizing elements, i.e., Bi, Au, Ag and Hg are relatively richer than those in continental crust. After ductile shearing, there is apparent enrichment for Au, Ag and Bi, As well as As and Sb. Thus, it is concluded that the Luomahu group metamorphic rocks should be the provenance of ore and the ductile shearing concentrates the mineralizing elements such as Au, Ag,etc.
2001 Vol. 10 (4): 204-209 [Abstract] ( 27 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 257KB] ( 165 )
210 ORE-CONTROLLING CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DIAOSHUIDONG MICRO-GRAIN DISSEMINATED TYPE OF GOLD DEPOSIT IN HUNAN PROVINCE
KANG Ru-hua
The Diaoshuidong micro-grain disseminated type of gold deposit is situated in the middle of Baimashan-Longshan E-W-trending metallogenic zone.The Banshan formation of Devonian System unconformally overlaps on Sinian and Cambrian Systems.A 20-350 m wide and more than 5 km long brittle-ductile shear zone is developed on the northeastern wing of the NW-trending basement uplift.The ore-bearing rock occurs mainly as pelitic siltstone in the third member of Banshan formation.The Au-bearing alterations,represented as decolourization,silicification and pyritization,are distributed along the NW-trending brittle-ductile shearing zone.The gold orebodies occur as buried or semi-buried bedding,lenticular and vein type in the alteration zone.The ore presents mainly as oxidized altered pelitic siltstone.Pyrite is the major Au-bearing mineral.The deposit is controlled together by lithology and structure.The Sinian and Cambrian basement strata are the main metallogenic material resources. Magmatic activities have contributed heat and part of metallogenitic material.The third member of Banshan formation is favorable for the migration of ore-forming fluid and enrichment of Au. The special sedimentary type is advantageous for Au metallogenesis.The basement tectonic and dome structure spatially control the distribution of gold deposit.The NW-trending basement uplift and brittle-ductile shear zone controlled the distribution of Au-bearing alteration zone,while the NW-trending brittle faults control the orebodies.The region has a great prospecting potential for gold deposits of the same type.
2001 Vol. 10 (4): 210-214 [Abstract] ( 22 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 218KB] ( 168 )
215 ANALYSES OF LITHOFACIES AND PALEOGEOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS OF TERTIARY FOR IN-SITU LEACHABLE SANDSTONE URANIUM IN LONGJIANG-ZHAOZHOU AREA
ZHANG Zhen-qiang
By analyzing drill-hole lithology, comprehensive log and paleontology of the Tertiary formations in Longjiang-Zhaozhou area, the paper focuses on the lithofacies and paleogeographic features of Yi'an, Da'an and Taikang formations of Tertiary. The conclusions are as follows.
(1)Due to a weak surface water power of Yi'an period, the sediment range was limited, with single material source. The major precipitation facies were mudstone and siltstone of limnetic facies and siltstone and fine sandstone of alluvial-flood plain facies.
(2)During Da'an period, numerous materials were brought from the northern and northwestern parts of sedimentary basin by strong surface water power. Sedimentary range expanded from north to south. A north-south extending banded deposition formed along the west margin of the basin. Alluvial-proluvial conglomerate and alluvial-flood plain facies sandstone and siltstone were principal facies.
(3)As for Taikang period, stronger water flow from the west broadened the sedimentary range to east and south. Grey and greyish green sandstone, siltstone and pelitic siltstone of alluvial-flood plain facies were developed widely and became chief facies. Brown and yellow conglomerate of alluvial-proluvial facies was developed along the westem margin of the basin.
(4)According to the lithofaces criterion of in-situ leachable sandstone, Da'an and Taikang formations are ideal layers for in-situ leachable sandstone uranium deposit, because thick sandstone bodies are developed in Da'an alluvial-proluvial facies and Taikang alluvial-flood plain facies, and more, interlayer oxidation has been found in sandstone of Taikang formation.
2001 Vol. 10 (4): 215-219 [Abstract] ( 36 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 240KB] ( 263 )
220 THE FORMING CONDITIONS OF NONFERROUS AND PRECIOUS METAL DEPOSITS IN THE NORTH OF DERBUGAN METALLOGENIC PROVINCE
ZHANG Jiong-fei, WANG Xian-zhong, QUAN Heng, WU Guang, ZHU Hong-chen
The north of Derbugan metallogenic provice is located in the north of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the north of Heilongjiang Provice.The principal metallogenetic epoch is J 3-K 1.The metallogenic temperatures vary for different genetic types of deposits.Porphyry-type deposits are formed at high-medium temperature;volcanic hydrothermal type,at medium-low temperature;while "New-type" and epithermal type,at low temperature.The sulfur isotopic values of δ34S form 8 deposits show a high concentration on -6‰ to +6‰.The peak values are around +2‰ to +6‰,indicating that the sulfur in the endogenetic polymetals,gold and silver deposits comes mainly form anatectic magma.The oxygen isotopic values of δ18O from 6 deposits are -4.5‰ and +23.9‰,showing a close relationship to the magmatic oringin.According to the hydrogen isotope of inclusion, the δ18O H2O values range from -12.9‰ to +12.6‰,and the δD is mainly in -89‰ to -105‰.Therefore,the oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of ore-bearing hydrothermal solution reflect the characteristics of magmatic water mixed with miscible fluids from surface precipitation,but the epithermal deposits are characterized by meteoric water.The analysis shows that the metallogenic hydrothermal solution of the deposits is derived from magmatic solution and geothermal brine.
2001 Vol. 10 (4): 220-225 [Abstract] ( 26 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 269KB] ( 182 )
226 GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE XIJINUOSHAN POLYMETAL ORE FIELD IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE
WU Guang, QUAN Heng, LI Guang-yuan
The Xijinuoshan polymetallic mineralization, located in Huzhong area of Daxinganling, occur in Mesozoic secondary volcanic basin of Ergun massif, in the northwest of Derbugan faulted zone. In Xijinuoshan ore field, andesite of Upper Jurassic Tamulangou formation and acidic pyroclastic rock of Lower Cretaceous Shangkuli formation are widely distributed, but only a small amount intrusive rocks outcrop. The host structure of the ore is a NW-trending fracture belt. More than 30 veins of copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver and tungsten have been found in the andesite of Tamulangou formation. The metallic mineral types are mainly galena, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrite and natural gold, with minor chalcocite and ilmenite. The secondary oxidized minerals include azurite, cuprite, cerussite, malachite, anglesite and limonite. The gangue minerals consist of plagioclase, hornblende, quartz, chlorite, calcite and epidote. The ore is in idiomorphic-granular and allotriomorphic-granular textures and dissemination or vein structures. The composition of metallic minerals is mainly metallic sulphide. The wallrock alterations, including propylitization of early period and silicification,chloritization, epidotization and carbonation of late period, are commonly weak. The mineralization is also in two stages,i.e., the one led by volcanic hydrothermal solution of early-medium Tamulangou formation, and that by intruded magmatic hydrothermal solution of Late Cretaceous period. The temperatures of metallogenesis are of 148℃ to 230℃.The source materials of the deposit were derived mainly from volcanic rock of Tamulangou formation. The heat source may be the granite-porphyry at No.897 High in the southeast of Xijinuoshan. The metallogenic epoch is from Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.
2001 Vol. 10 (4): 226-234 [Abstract] ( 23 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 381KB] ( 225 )
235 THE COMPARISON OF ROCK ANCHORAGE BAR BETWEEN THE DESIGNS IN CHINA AND ABROAD
DONG Ye, LIU Jie
By discussing on the differeces of design for rock anchorage bar between in China and abroad,it is concluded that the different designing results from the dissimilarity of detecting means.During the detecting of anchorage bar in China,the ground is taken as the counter-force device for pull-out type test,thus the counter-force from the jack adds a load to the rocks.Therefore,the consideration on the defomation and destroy of the anchorage bar is confined in the following three aspects:1)the reinforcing bar and other materials; 2)the gripping power of the mortar in anchorage section to the steel pulling bar;and 3)the friction between the rocks in anchoring section and the mortar.While the problems in keeping the entirety stability of the anchoring earth in the most unfavorable conditions are not under consideration.
2001 Vol. 10 (4): 235-238 [Abstract] ( 30 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 182KB] ( 213 )
239 THE DEVELOPMENT OF URANIUM-ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY
YANG Dian-zhong, YU Man
The organic matters that are closely correlative to uranium deposits are humic acids, fulvic acids, microorganism and bacteria. There is a strong correlation of sorption, complexation and reduction between humic acids and uranyl cation.The microorganism and bacteria play a subtle role in the uranium deposit formation.The study ways include experiment, calculation,rack-eval,X-ray analysis,fission-track,microprobe,infrared spectrum,fluorescence spectrum,ESR,NMR,gas chromatography,pyrolysis GC-MS ets.
2001 Vol. 10 (4): 239-243 [Abstract] ( 32 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 238KB] ( 235 )
244 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ABUNDANCE AND METALLOGENESIS OF GOLD IN PRECAMBRIAN TERRAINS
WANG Xiao-yong
The granite and strata with high Au abundance have been considered to the source of gold by many geologists.With broad application of the method of neutron activation and chemical-spectral analysis,the accuracy of analysis has greatly improved(up to 0.01×10-9).A wealth of data shows that the Au abundance of metamorphic rocks in greenstone terrains is rather low(0.17×10-9 to 2.40×10-9 in average),and in the relevant granites is only 0.62×10-9 to 1.20×10-9 averagely.This concludes that the concept of source rocks or source beds is ambiguous and non-specific.All rocks are possible to perform as source rocks/beds.The mineralization of gold is not related to the Au abundance in granite and strata,but to the metallogenetic mechanism involving gold activation,migration and enrichment.
2001 Vol. 10 (4): 244-247 [Abstract] ( 34 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 186KB] ( 171 )
248 TAIJI SEQUENCE OF GOLD DEPOSIT DISTRIBUTION IN QINGCHENGZI ORE FIELD
LIU Jun, CAO Yu-lian
There exists an obvious quantitive regularity in the process of deposit formation and evolution.This has attracted the attention of geologists.Taking the Qingchengzi ore field as an example,the authors simulate the planar distances between the positions of gold deposits and the main fault in the ore field with Taiji sequence.The result shows that the distribution of the deposits and fault in the area obeys the regularity of Taiji sequence.Based on the regularity,the favorable locations for middle-large gold deposits are positioned.
2001 Vol. 10 (4): 248-251 [Abstract] ( 26 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 182KB] ( 210 )
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