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2022 Vol.31 Issue.4,
Published 2022-08-25
459
FORMING AGE AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE VOLCANIC ROCKS FROM MANKETOUEBO FORMATION IN OROQEN QI, DAXINGANLING MOUNTAINS
WANG Da-ke, LIU Jun-shuai, SUN Jing-yao
The zircon U-Pb dating result indicates that the volcanic rocks from Manketouebo Formation in Oroqen area of Daxinganling Mountains were formed in the Late Jurassic(152.9±1.7 Ma) based on the analysis of chronology and geochemical characteristics of the rocks. The volcanic rocks are characterized by rich Si and alkali, poor Ca and Mg, low Mg
#
and very low Cr, Co and Ni contents, with enrichment of LILEs(K, Rb and Ba) and LREE, and depletion of HFSEs (Nb, Ta and Ti) in trace elements. The volcanic rocks have the characteristics of crust source, with Rb/Sr value of 0.66 averagely, much higher than N-MORB (0.03), OIB (0.047) and E-MORB (0.033). The average Ti/Zr value of 13.94 is consistent with the range of crust-derived magma(<20), indicating that the primary magma of volcanic rocks originated from partial melting of crustal rocks. According to the rock geochemical characteristics and regional existing research data, it is considered that the formation of volcanic rocks in the study area is related to the southeastward subduction of Mongolian-Okhotsk Ocean.
2022 Vol. 31 (4): 459-464,578 [
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97
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465
PENNSYLVANIAN PLANT FOSSILS OF JIUJUZI FROMATION IN AOHAN QI, CHIFENG CITY, INNER MONGOLIA
LI bin, YANG tao, YANG Jia-lin, YANG Ya-jun, CHEN Jing-sheng, LI Wei, LIU Miao
Plant fossils are collected from the Pennsylvanian Jiujuzi Formation near Shuiquan Nanshan in Aohan Qi, Inner Mongolia. Through systematic identification, a total of 18 species belonging to 12 genera, involving Sphenophyllales, Equisetales, Noeggerathiales, Filicopsida Pteridophyta and Cordaitopsida, among which
Pecopteris (Asterotheca) hemlioides
and
Cordaites principalis
are common and representative Late Paleozoic Cathaysian flora. Therefore the study area should belong to Cathaysian flora geographical region in the Pennsylvanian Subperiod. The age of the Jiujuzi Formation should be assigned to the Pennsylvanian. A large number of genuine ferns, seed ferns and
Cordaites
, which reflect tropical and subtropical climate, are found in the flora, indicating a wet and warm environment of subtropical-warm temperate zone with abundant rainfall.
2022 Vol. 31 (4): 465-472 [
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82
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473
SOURCE AND SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT OF JURASSIC TOUTUNHE FORMATION IN SOUTHERN CHANGJI, XINJIANG
LUO Ju-de, LIU Yun-hua, XIA Zhao-de, WANG Bang-yao, FAN Yuan-yuan
The methods of particle analysis, carbon-oxygen isotope and polyclastic triangular end member analysis are used to study the Jurassic Toutunhe Formation in southern Changji of Xinjiang based on field survey and section measuring. It is considered that the braided river delta front subfacies and shore shallow lake subfacies are mainly developed in Toutunhe Formation. The analysis results of carbon and oxygen isotope samples indicate that the sandstones of Toutunhe Formation were formed in meteoric freshwater diagenetic environment, with the compaction temperature of 99.26-114.1℃ and burial depth of 4.34-5.23 km (averagely 4.87 km). The provenance analysis reflects the tectonic setting of uplifted basement and island arc orogenic belt, showing mixed source in the late sedimentary stage. The Jurassic sedimentary environment changed from moist to arid climate, and alternated between weak reduction-weak oxidation and strong oxidation environment repeatedly during the sedimentary period of Toutunhe Formation.
2022 Vol. 31 (4): 473-485 [
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64
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486
PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF SELENIUM RESOURCES POTENTIAL IN HEILONGJIANG PROVINCE
MA Jiang-shui, PANG Xue-jiao
Based on the systematic summary of metallogenic geological conditions and ore-controlling factors of selenium resources at home and abroad, the paper screens the potential associated Se resources in Heilongjiang Province, makes a preliminary evaluation of associated Se through GIS, and comprehensively analyzes the metallogenic potential of associated and independent Se deposits, to provide scientific basis for Se anomaly source tracing in the province. It is considered that Se resources in the study area have great prospecting potential, requiring further research and development.
2022 Vol. 31 (4): 486-491 [
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85
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492
GEOLOGY AND GENESIS OF DABAISHITOUGOU TITANIUM MAGNETITE DEPOSIT IN MIDDLE QILIAN MOUNTAINS
WEI Ben-zan, LU Hui-xiong, WANG Bing, ZHANG En
The Dabaishitougou area in the northern margin of Tuolai South Mountain in middle Qilian Mountains, tectonically located in the mid-Qilian magmatic arc belt, belongs to the Caledonian W, rare metals, Cu(Ti, Sb, Au) metallogenic belt. The titanium magnetite mineralized bodies, obviously controlled by lithology and characterized by multistage mineralization, are mainly occurred in the gneiss member of Palaeoproterozoic Tuolai Group and the schist and quartzite members of Moshigou Formation of Mesoproterozoic Huangzhong Group. With petrographic observation, electron probe microanalysis(EPMA) and artificial heavy concentrate analysis, it is determined that the titanium minerals are dominated by titanium magnetite with minor ilmenite and trace rutile. The source of titanium minerals is discussed based on the in-depth study of metallogenic characteristics and occurrence state of titanium magnetite deposit. It is considered that the mineralization is of volcanic exhalation-sedimentary type, proving that the ore-forming materials are most likely from Ti-rich basic-ultrabasic volcanic rocks brought by volcanic eruption formed after the early fractional crystallization and accumulation rather than from the pegmatite body. It is the first time that titanium magnetite bodies have been found in Dabaishitougou area of middle Qilian Mountains through verification of documents. Thus the study results can provide a theoretical basis for follow-up exploration.
2022 Vol. 31 (4): 492-499 [
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48
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500
VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIC MATTERS AND NUTRIENT ELEMENTS IN TYPICAL BLACK SOIL
LIU Xi-yao, LIU Peng, LIU Chi
Based on the results of multi-objective regional geochemical survey in central and southern Songliao Plain during 2003-2008, 6553 soil samples are selected to study the variation characteristics of organic matters and nutrient elements including C, N, S, P, Ca, K, Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mo, Mn and B in typical black soil. It is found that the content variation of structural elements such as C, N, S and P, as well as other elements including Cu, Mg, Fe and Ca, has positive correlation with that of organic matters in typical black soil. The content change of nutrient elements is closely related to parent materials and soil types. For instance, Mn content is generally high in black soil. The macro-background of soil in China and Songliao Plain is characterized by high K and low Mo and B in typical black soil. Bioclimatic zone is an important factor affecting the variation of organic matters and some nutrient elements. The climatic conditions of temperate-cold temperate zones affect the physical-chemical properties of soil such as grain size, clay fraction acid-base property of soil and then the change of element content.
2022 Vol. 31 (4): 500-507 [
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508
SPATIAL VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT IN TYPICAL BLACK SOIL: A Case Study of Beilin District in Suihua City, Heilongjiang Province
YANG He-ping
Based on the analysis data of organic matters in black soil during the second national soil survey in the 1980s and those in the current land quality geochemical survey, the MapGIS spatial analysis is used to quantitatively study the spatial variation of organic matter content in the black land core area of Northeast China. The results show that the content of soil organic matters decreases from 41.16×10
-3
to 37.68×10
-3
in recent 30 years, with the organic matter loss rate of 8.45%. In 1980s, the areas with soil organic matter content of 35×10
-3
-45×10
-3
account for 73.93% of the total study area, while the areas with soil organic matter content of 30×10
-3
-40×10
-3
make up 70.24% currently. Of the land area, 82.1% shows different degrees of reduction in organic matter, while only 17.9% shows an increasing trend. The black land is dominated by mild and slight loss of soil organic matter, except for local areas with moderate and severe loss degree, which provides scientific basis for soil organic matter loss control in black land region.
2022 Vol. 31 (4): 508-515,499 [
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516
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY OF ARSENIC AND CADMIUM IN CULTIVATED LAND AROUND BAOTOU INDUSTRIAL ZONE
BAO Feng-qin, CHENG Hang-xin, YONG Sheng, YUAN Hong-wei, YANG Yu-liang, CHEN Wen-heng
Excessive heavy metals in cultivated land directly affects the quality of crops and irrigation water, and therefore human health. By investigating the contents and phase states of arsenic and cadmium in irrigation water, chemical fertilizers, crops and root soil around Baotou industrial zone in Inner Mongolia, the paper studies the transformation and enrichment rules of As and Cd. The results show that the soil and irrigation water are weakly alkaline, and the contents of As and Cd in irrigation water and fertilizer are in accordance with national standards. The As contents in root soil and edible parts of corn, sunflower, cabbage and green onion are all below the limit by official standards, mainly existed in the form of residual state. The Cd contents in the root soil of the four crops above exceed the standard in different degrees. Except for 50% exceeding of Cd in sunflower seeds, the edible parts of other crops are below limit. It is found that the excessive Cd in sunflower seeds is because Cd is mainly occurred in carbonate and humic acid forms and the enrichment of Cd in sunflower seeds is higher than that in other plants.
2022 Vol. 31 (4): 516-522,507 [
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68
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523
SOIL GEOCHEMISTRY AND NUTRIENT EVALUATION IN GUYUAN CITY OF NINGXIA
ZUO Jian-yang, FANG Lu, ZHAO Liu-qing, MU Xiao-hu
The geochemical characteristic parameters of soil element indexes are obtained through statistic analysis and iterative elimination of outlier data based on the 1:250 000 land quality geochemical survey and test analysis results of 53 element indexes of 2 638 soil samples in Guyuan area of Ningxia. The abundance and deficiency of 19 soil nutrient element indexes such as N, P, K and organic matters are analyzed and evaluated according to the background values of soil geochemistry, and the element indexes are then classified in terms of the nutrient status. It is found that the contents of N, Ge, Se and organic matters in the soil are relatively deficient, while CaO and MgO are abundant, which provides basis for rationally guiding sustainable development and utilization of cultivated land resources.
2022 Vol. 31 (4): 523-529 [
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78
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405
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530
SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIATION OF VEGETATION COVERAGE ON LANDSCAPE SCALE IN HILLY LOESS REGION: A Case Study of Jincheng City in Shanxi Province
CAO Hui, LIU Li-wen, LI Yu-ke, WEN Qiu-yuan
Vegetation coverage is the main factor affecting the evaluation of regional eco-environment. Through the landscape ecological analysis method, the vegetation coverage index (VCI) is acquired to study the spatiotemporal variation of vegetation coverage in Jincheng City of Shanxi Province based on the MOD13Q1 remote sensing data during 2006-2015. The results indicate that the vegetation coverage show an increasing trend, dominated by high coverage vegetation. The distribution of VCI is positively correlated with elevation and slope, i.e., the higher elevation and the steeper slope, the greater VCI. The vegetation coverage types show a concentrated tendency at landscape scale, while the internal heterogeneity and diversity of landscape are reduced, the high vegetation coverage patch becomes more dominant and gradually superior. At patch scale, high coverage vegetation is dominant, with increasing proportion of patch. Furthermore, the high coverage vegetation is characterized by reduced landscape fragmentation and complexity, and gradually regular shape.
2022 Vol. 31 (4): 530-538,529 [
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98
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400
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539
STORAGE STRUCTURE AND SUPPLY CAPACITY OF KARST WATER IN NORTHERN XINGLONG COUNTY, HEBEI PROVINCE
YANG Xue-liang, YANG Xi, ZHANG Bo, ZHAO Jian-qing, WANG Xin-zhou, ZHENG Jun
The abundant karst water resources in the northern Xinglong County of Chengde City, Hebei Province, serve as the major water supplies for production and daily life of local residents. The basic hydrogeological conditions in the area are identified with karst water as the main study object in the 1:50 000 hydrogeological survey. Through the classification of water-bearing rock formations and analysis of the storage structure characteristics of regional karst water, the study area is divided into the main water storage structures of Liuhe river basin and Qaibai river basin in the lower reaches of Luanhe River Basin. Three exploration-mining combination boreholes and three construction matching observation wells are applied for the analysis and evaluation of water supply capacity of boreholes, to provide scientific basis for rational development and utilization of karst groundwater resources in the area.
2022 Vol. 31 (4): 539-546,578 [
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53
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547
INDICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISOTOPES IN IDENTIFYING THE GROUNDWATER RECHARGE SOURCES IN ILI RIVER VALLEY
SHAO Jie, LI Ying, LI Shu-cai, TENG Chao, YANG Xin-jie, CAO Jun, CHEN Xi-qing
This study analyzes the distribution characteristics of δD and δ
18
O in phreatic water, shallow confined water, spring water and surface water, as well as the δ
13
C of five groups of groundwater samples from hydrologic drilling wells. The results show that both groundwater and surface water originate from the local meteoric water. The phreatic water and shallow confined water, belonging to the same aquifer system, have a strong hydraulic connection. The age of deep confined water is about 20 ka, older than the shallow confined water, belonging to sedimentary buried water, with weak hydraulic relation between the two. The δ
13
C values of phreatic water and shallow confined water are close to each other, approximating that of atmospheric CO
2
(-7‰) which serves as the main source of carbon in groundwater of the study area.
2022 Vol. 31 (4): 547-552 [
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58
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553
COVERED DEPTH OF SUPERFICIAL MAGMA CHAMBER ON THE NORTHERN SLOPE OF TIANCHI VOLCANO IN CHANGBAI MOUNTAIN BASED ON BOREHOLE TEMPERATURE
QIAN Cheng, CUI Tian-ri, TANG Zhen, JIANG Bin, ZHANG Chao, CHEN Hui-jun, WU Tong
The crustal thermal structure in Changbaishan volcanic area has not been established yet and there are differences about the covered depth of superficial magma chamber in Tianchi Volcano by means of geophysical exploration. The covered depth of superficial magma chamber on the northern slope of Tianchi Volcano is estimated through the temperature measurement of CZK07 borehole, data evaluation and geothermal gradient calculation, combined with the temperature data of Holocene magma chamber. The CZK07 borehole is located right above the superficial magma chamber speculated by geophysical exploration, close to the historic crater of volcanic eruption, with relatively high and stable temperature (102.5-106.8℃) at the depth about 610 m. The continuous temperature measurement data indicates that the borehole temperature shows a positive correlation with depth, with the geothermal gradient ranging from 134 to 178℃/km (averagely 153℃/km), roughly representing the geothermal gradient of the overlying crust of superficial magma chamber. Based on previous temperature studies of superficial magma chamber, the covered depth of superficial magma chamber on the northern slope of Tianchi Volcano is estimated to be 5.25-7.21 km below the surface of Tianchi Lake, which is similar to the inversion results of geophysical exploration.
2022 Vol. 31 (4): 553-562 [
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60
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GEOHERITAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF NYENCHENTHANGLHA MOUNTAINS AND FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS ON THE ESTABLISHMENT OF UNESCO GLOBAL GEOPARK
CHEN Bin, ZHENG Xiao-min, SHEN Pei-yan
The eastern section of Nyenchenthanglha Mountains, located in Dangxiong County of northwestern Lhasa City, the hinterland of Tibet, is rich in typical and diverse geoheritage resources represented by Namtso Lake, Yambajan geothermal field and glacier landform of Nyenchenthanglha Mountains. The geoheritages can be divided into 3 categories, 7 class and 11 subclasses based on systematic field survey. Clustered and distributed along the basin-mountain tectonic system in the area, the geoheritages are of high scientific, aesthetic and development values, with typicality, rarity, integrity and international comparison significance globally. These rich geological relics complement each other with the cultural heritage of Buddhist architecture and ecosystem in the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, comprehensively demonstrating the most mysterious system of harmony between man and nature on the plateau. It is concluded that the establishment of Nyenchenthanglha Global Geopark is feasible and of great significance with obvious advantages in terms of natural culture, scope boundary, management organization, sustainable economic policy and stakeholder needs. The construction plan of geothermal field-themed Nyenchenthanglha Global Geopark is further proposed with multidimensional countermeasures such as government support, others' experiences, concept popularization, scientific research protection, tourism and community development, which provides theoretical and practical basis for utilization of regional green geoheritages and promotion of local eco-civilization construction and economic sustainable development.
2022 Vol. 31 (4): 563-573,562 [
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61
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574
PRECAMBRIAN RARE EARTH MINERALIZATION LAYER OF PALEOWEATHERING CRUST TYPE DISCOVERED IN NORTHERN HEBEI PROVINCE
ZHANG Yun-qiang, YUN Jie, LI Guang-dong, GAO Shang, ZHOU Ming-xing, HE li, ZHANG Ya-guang, ZHAO Li-ying
2022 Vol. 31 (4): 574-575 [
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576
DISCOVERY OF SYNSEDIMENTARY COPPER DEPOSIT IN THE TOP OF UPPER PERMIAN XUANWEI FORMATION IN MUCHUAN AREA, SICHUAN PROVINCE
ZHANG Hang-fei, GONG Jun
The geological characteristics of sedimentary copper deposit in Muchuan area of Sichuan Province are studied based on the outcrop section, deep drilling and sampling test analysis of Upper Permian Xuanwei Formation. The results show that the copper formation is a single layer structure with the thickness of 0.45-1.53 m and ore grade of 0.57%-0.76%. The copper deposit is of synsedimentary type in tidal flat environment, without hydrothermal or sedimentary transformation, and the ore-forming materials are derived from Emeishan basalts with high Cu background value. It is concluded that the sedimentary copper deposit in the study area has favorable metallogenic conditions and great prospecting potential.
2022 Vol. 31 (4): 576-578 [
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54
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