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2023 Vol.32 Issue.1,
Published 2023-02-25
1
GEOCHRONOLOGY AND TECTONIC SETTING OF LUOMAHU COMPLEX IN WODUHE AREA, NORTHWESTERN DAXINGANLING MOUNTAINS
FU Jun-yu, NA Fu-chao, QIAN Cheng, YANG Xiao-ping, SUN Wei, ZHONG Hui, ZHANG Guang-yu, LIU Ying-cai
Due to the lack of fossils and incomplete roof and bottom, the forming age of Luomahu Complex, one of the important geological formations in Duobaoshan ore concentration area, has been controversial, restricting the cognition of regional tectonic evolution and metallogenic background. The geochronology of detrital zircons in meta-silty mudstones from Luomahu Complex near Wuduhe Township are studied by zircon U-Pb LA-ICP-MS dating method to investigate the formation age and paleotectonic setting. Among the 85 survey points, 68 effective ones range in age from 216 to 2 636 Ma and can be divided into eight age groups:216-347 Ma, 430-443 Ma, 463-502 Ma, 513-572 Ma, 596-613 Ma, 718-739 Ma, 830-882 Ma and 1 769-2 636 Ma, with the third to seventh groups forming obvious peak values. Based on the comprehensive analysis of zircon crystalline state, CL image, U content characteristics and macro petrographic features of geological body, it is considered that the third age group represents the maximum sedimentary age of sample layers. Combined with the regional research results, it is concluded that Luomahu Complex was formed in Ordovician-Silurian Ludlovian, with the detrital zircons mainly derived from the Erguna-Xing'an block and Ordovician arc volcanic rocks and formed in the tectonic setting of back-arc basin. The Luomahu Complex, together with Duobaoshan arc magmatic belt, formed the Early Paleozoic arc-basin system.
2023 Vol. 32 (1): 1-13,78 [
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77
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14
CHARACTERISTICS OF OSTRACODA FOSSIL ASSEMBLAGE OF THE LOWER CRETACEOUS DALAZI FORMATION IN JIAOHE BASIN, JILIN PROVINCE
LI Guo-jun, CHEN Yu, XU Guo-yu, ZHENG Da-he, WANG Cun-zhu, REN Long, YANG Fan, YE Yun-qi, MAO Yong-xin
The Lower Cretaceous Dalazi Formation is widely developed in Jiaohe Basin, with ostracoda, conchostraca and plant debris fossils occurred near Baojia village. Through the stratified fossil collection in 1:2 000 surveyed geological section, 5 genera with 9 species of ostracoda are discovered from Daliazi Formation at the section on the north of Baojia village, including 1 similar species and 6 undefined species:
Cypridea paracavernosa
,
C. concinaformis
,
C. sp.
,
Candoniella cf. candida
,
Candoniella sp.
,
Scabriculocypris sp.
,
Mongolianella sp.
,
Candona sp.
1 and
Candona sp.
2, respectively. Combined with previous fossil findings, the
Cypridea paracavernosa-C. concinaformis assemblage
is established, which could be compared with the ostracoda of Daliazi Formation in Yanbian, Jilin Province, and the age was probably the late Early Cretaceous.
2023 Vol. 32 (1): 14-20 [
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63
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21
SEDIMENTARY CHARACTERISTICS OF ELITU FORMATION IN ZHENGXIANGBAI QI OF INNER MONGOLIA IDENTIFIED BY MARKOV CHAIN ANALYSIS
WANG Biao, SHI Li-zhi, RUAN Zhuang, CUI Xin-yu, LUO Li-yan
The lithologic characteristics of each layer of Elitu Formation are identified by field survey of geological section. The sedimentary cycles of the strata are studied by Markov chain analysis, and the sedimentary environment is further analyzed with the basic geological data. Two lithologic cycles characterized separately by sandstone-silty mudstone-siltstone-mudstone and sandstone-limestone-mudstone are identified, which represent the facies sequence of shallow sea continental shelf-deepwater turbidite and continental shelf shallow sea reef beach sediments respectively. Combined with the section, three facies including continental shelf, slope and basin(trough) can be further identified as several subfacies such as tidal flat beach, beach front slope, turbidite beach bar, beach, slope basin, gentle slope, deepwater trough and reef beach. Two transgression semi-cycles and one complete transgression-regression cycle can be recognized in the section. It is concluded that the final closure time of Paleo-Asian Ocean should be after the period of Elitu Formation.
2023 Vol. 32 (1): 21-30 [
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50
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31
ORGANIC PETROLOGY OF SOURCE ROCKS FROM THE UPPER PERMIAN LINXI FORMATION IN LINXI AREA, INNER MONGOLIA
LUO Li-yan, SHI Li-zhi, WANG Biao, CUI Xin-yu
Linxi area in eastern Inner Mongolia is one of the important potential areas for Carboniferous-Permian oil-gas exploration in the periphery of Erlian Basin. The total organic carbon (TOC), organic macerals, vitrinite reflectance and rock pyrolysis of the source rocks from Upper Permian Linxi Formation in field section are tested and analyzed to study the organic petrological characteristics of the source rocks. The results show that the TOC content of source rocks is 0.63%-1.30%, averagely 0.87%. The content of organic macerals ranges from 0.27% to 3.66%, averagely 2.08%, with 95.24% of the samples above 1.0%, indicating that the organic matter abundance is at relatively good-good level. The vitrinite reflectance(
R
o
) is 1.26%-2.58%, averagely 1.88%, with that of 90.47% of the samples more than 1.3%, showing the organic matter is in high mature-overmature stage. The hydrogen index of rock pyrolysis is 8×10
-3
-89×10
-3
, averagely 27.52×10
-3
, reflecting that the organic matter belongs to III-type. It is concluded from the comprehensive evaluation that the source rocks of Upper Permian Linxi Formation are relatively good-good, with great hydrocarbon potential and good prospect of oil-gas resources.
2023 Vol. 32 (1): 31-38,63 [
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83
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102
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39
HYDROCARBON GENERATION CONDITIONS AND SEDIMENTARY MODEL OF ORGANIC-RICH SHALE FROM CHANG 7 MEMBER OF YANCHANG FROMATION IN SOUTHERN ORDOS BASIN
SHI Xue-yao, GAO Chao-li, LEI Jun-jie, HUANG Chuang, AN Xin-sheng, ZHANG Yu-heng, WANG Ru-yi, LI Yan-qing, WANG Lei, SUN Ning-liang
The study on petrology, mineral composition, organic geochemistry, pore types and sedimentary model of shale from Chang 7 Member of Yanchang Formation in southern Ordos Basin shows that there are three types of mud shale in the area, including massive mudstone of muddy debris flow origin, normal-graded mudstone formed by turbidity current, and laminated mudstone deposited in lentic environment. The former two contain numerous terrigenous clastic minerals, while the latter has high content of carbonate minerals as well as high organic carbon and soluble and pyrolysed hydrocarbon. The kerogens of the mud shale are dominated by type II with minus of type I. The reservoir space of shale is mainly intergranular pore, intragranular pore and microfracture, with rare organic pore. The laminated mudstones are characterized by various pore types and large reservoir space. The massive mudstones formed by muddy debris flow are deposited at the slope toe of lake basin, while the normal-graded mudstone of turbidity current origin and laminated mudstone are widely deposited in the center of lake basin with large thickness.
2023 Vol. 32 (1): 39-48,69 [
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47
) [
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49
MAIN CONTROLLING FACTORS AND RESERVOIR DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF LOWER PALEOZOIC CARBONATE ROCKS IN BURIED HILL Z OILFIELD
ZHANG Lan, WANG Shao-peng, WU Qiong-yuan, TANG He-bing, LI Zhuo
Carbonate rock buried hill is one of the important oil-gas reservoirs in Bohai Sea. Taking Z Oilfield, the key development target in Bohai Sea area as an example, the characteristics, formation mechanism and geological development model of carbonate rock reservoir are comprehensively analyzed by using basic data such as drilling and logging, cores, microscopic thin sections and seismic data. The results show that the lithology of carbonate rock buried hill reservoir is mainly dolomite, with the reservoir spaces of intergranular pore, fracture and dissolution pore. Carbonate rock buried hill reservoir is mainly controlled by sedimentary, diagenetic and structural factors. Combined with the characteristics of single well and vertical karst zonation, the buried hill can be divided into surface weathering zone, vertical seepage zone and bedding dissolution zone. Under the influence of multiple factors such as diagenesis and structure, the reservoir in the upper oil formation is more developed than that in the lower, with full-region development for the former and limited development for the latter. The karst zoning and geological model of reservoir distribution provide the basis for next adjustment and potential tapping direction.
2023 Vol. 32 (1): 49-56 [
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40
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57
GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION FOR KIMBERLITE-TYPE PRIMARY DIAMOND DEPOSITS:A Case Study of Wafangdian Diamond Orefield in Liaoning Province
LI Yi-xin, JIANG Li-li, WAN Fang-lai, ZHANG Guo-ren, XU Hua, ZHONG Mi-shan, FU Hai-hua
The diamond orefield in Wafangdian of Liaoning Province is an important kimberlite-type diamond concentration area in China. The work degree, methods and achievements of previous geophysical prospecting are systematically analyzed so as to better apply geophysical prospecting for diamond deposits in the area. It is concluded that ground magnetic survey plays an important role in delineating shallow-surface kimberlite rock mass; audio magnetotelluric (AMT) survey and borehole geophysical exploration in the search for deep concealed kimberlite rock mass; while the 1:50 000 regional gravity survey and magnetotelluric profile survey, in the study of ore-controlling factors of diamond deposits. To sum up, geophysical prospecting is an important part of diamond exploration in Wafangdian orefield and reasonable combination of methods can solve corresponding geological problems.
2023 Vol. 32 (1): 57-63 [
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59
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64
APPLICATION OF MAGNETOTELLURIC SOUNDING METHOD IN GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES EXPLORATION IN NORTHERN ORDOS BASIN
GUO Bao-dong, SUN Zhong-ren, SHI Yu-xue, GUO Jia-jing, GUO Yue, ZHAO Xiao-shu, SUN Gang
The geothermal resources in northern Ordos Basin are characterized by deep burial, high temperature, large reserves and great development potential. Reasonable geophysical prospecting methods can accurately determine the target area, delineate the thermal reservoir structure, and provide basis for drilling. Due to the advantages of magnetotelluric sounding(MT) method in detecting depth, the characteristics of resistivity inversion can clearly reflect the distribution and occurrence of water conductivity and thermal conductivity structures in geothermal fields. Based on the previous logging results of ER01 and ER02 geothermal wells, the study recalibrates the geophysical interpretation parameters of ER03 geothermal well, reveals the horizontal and longitudinal distribution rules of thermal reservoirs within 4 000 m depth, delineates the range of geothermal anomalies and spatial distribution, determines the water-rich location of geothermal water and favorable positions for drilling, and puts forward suggestions for next work.
2023 Vol. 32 (1): 64-69 [
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46
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744KB] (
133
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70
APPLICATION OF WIDE FIELD ELECTROMAGNETIC METHOD IN GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION OF THICK COVERED AREA IN NORTHERN JIANGSU BASIN
CUI Jian, DENG Di, ZHANG Hai-dong, RUAN Juan, CEN Chao, SONG Tao
To solve the problems of poor quality of electromagnetic data acquisition in strong interference area and large buried depth of target thermal reservoir in thick covered area, and to enrich the technical means of sedimentary basin-type geothermal resource exploration, the geothermal exploration by means of wide field electromagnetic method (WFEM) is carried out in the thick covered area of Northern Jiangsu Basin. Through field data gathering and data processing, the study obtains the electrical structure at the depth of 3.5 km below surface, delineates 7 sets of electrical layers, identifies 7 sets of strata based on the physical characteristics, and ascertains the burial depth and thickness of major thermal reservoirs. The DR1 geothermal well is deployed with a completion depth of 2535 m. The thermal reservoirs from the first member of Sanduo Formation and the second member of Dainan Formation are drilled at 1634-2535 m, with the water inflow of 432 m
3
/d and water temperature of 63.0℃. The drilling results show that WFEM has achieved good results in geothermal exploration and can provide reference for geothermal exploration in similar areas.
2023 Vol. 32 (1): 70-78 [
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46
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79
3D VISUAL DISPLAY OF HIGH DENSITY RESISTIVITY EXPLORATION DATA BASED ON Voxler PLATFORM: Its Application in Tailings Pond Hidden Danger Exploration
WANG Shou-xing, OU Li-peng, QI Yao-gang, XU De-zhong, ZENG Si-min
It will cause serious contamination to surroundings if the polluted solid and liquid wastes piled up in tailings pond are not properly treated. To determine the stability of tailings pond and analyze the influence of solid and liquid wastes on the surrounding soil and groundwater, it is urgent to find out the morphological characteristics and storage capacity scale of tailings pond. As a conventional geophysical prospecting method, high-density resistivity technique is simple, rapid and effective, and has become the preferred option of on-site detection in determining the morphological characteristics of tailing ponds. In this study, the range of bottom interface of tailings pond is obtained by inversion of high-density resistivity method. Combined with drilling verification, the 3D visualization model of tailings pond is built on Voxler platform for more accurate calculation of volume of tailing sand, which proves the feasibility of high-density resistivity method in determining the morphological characteristics of tailings pond.
2023 Vol. 32 (1): 79-84 [
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51
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918KB] (
98
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85
STIMULATION TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT OF HOT DRY ROCK AND ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM DRIVEN BY CARBON NEUTRALITY TARGET
WANG Gui-ling, LU Chuan
As a kind of clean, low-carbon, stable and continuous non-carbon-based energy, geothermal resource can provide a significant guarantee for the target of carbon neutrality and carbon peak. With a review on the development status of hot dry rock and enhanced geothermal system at home and abroad, as well as the status and development of reservoir construction and enhancement technology, the development of microseismic monitoring technology and progress of induced earthquake disaster evaluation methods, and the progress of tracer technique and monitoring potential of electromagnetic method, this paper prospects the development and direction of stimulation technology of hot dry rock and enhanced geothermal system, which provides reference for related engineering technology and researchers.
2023 Vol. 32 (1): 85-95,126 [
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96
WETLAND EVOLUTION AND ITS DRIVING FACTORS IN SONGNEN PLAIN
LIU Qiang, LIN Nan, WANG Chang-qi, JIA Li-guo, CHENG Long, GUO Xiao-dong, ZHANG Yan
As an important part of ecosystem, wetland plays a significant role in maintaining regional ecological security. Based on the Landsat remote sensing image data in 1975, 2000 and 2018, the interpretation data of wetland during the three periods are obtained to analyze the spatiotemporal variation of wetland in Songnen Plain in nearly 50 years with the methods of dynamic degree, difference analysis and transfer matrix, which provides certain theoretical basis for the research and protection of wetland ecosystem in Songnen Plain. The results reveal that the wetland area shows an overall increasing trend from 20 189.81 km
2
in 1975 to 29 456.79 km
2
in 2018, manifested by the substantial decrease of natural wetland during 1975-2000 and large-scale increase of constructed wetland during 2000-2018. It is concluded that water storage project, floodwall and wetland reclamation are the main factors causing the decrease of natural wetlands, followed by precipitation reduction, temperature rise and evaporation increase. Driven by the economic benefit, the paddy field reconstruction and expansion mainly contributes to the increase of constructed wetlands.
2023 Vol. 32 (1): 96-103 [
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53
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80
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104
SPATIOTEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF GEOLOGICAL DISASTERS IN MOUNTAINOUS AREAS: A Case Study of Mabian County in Sichuan Province
LI Cai-xia, MA Yu
To reduce the occurrence of geological disasters, minimize the loss of human life and property and the destruction of environment, and improve the ability of disaster prevention and reduction in geological disaster area, through field survey, data statistics and GIS spatial analysis, the qualitative and quantitative combination method is used to study the relationship between the spatiotemporal distribution of geological disasters and three categories of factors, i.e. landform, geological structure and rainfall, as well as eight subcategories such as elevation, slope aspect, slope gradient, slope type, lithology, fault, rainfall and human activities. The results indicate that the geological disasters in Mabian County are mainly landslides, followed by collapses, and least debris flows, showing uneven spatial and temporal distribution. The sensitive intervals of topographic factors include the elevation of 700-900 m, slope aspect of east and southeast, slope gradient of 20-25° and slope type of mainly convex slope. The sensitive geological structural factors include the lithology of mainly mudstone, and tectonic zones less than 1 km away from the fault centerline. The sensitive interval of rainfall is 1100-1300 mm in low mountain area and 1300-1500 mm in middle and high mountain areas. Human activity is also a nonnegligible factor.
2023 Vol. 32 (1): 104-112 [
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93
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131
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113
RISK ANALYSIS OF TYPICAL GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS IN BATANG-LHASA SECTION OF SICHUAN-TIBET HIGHWAY
CAO Liang, YE Tang-jin, TAO Wei
The slope geohazard along Batang-Lhasa section of Sichuan-Tibet Highway is serious. Based on the slope disaster data collected over the years, the risk of typical slope geohazard along the section is analyzed by using several interpolation methods of geographical information system(GIS). The results show that the low, medium and high risk zones account for 78.9% of the total distance, with the whole distance of 1008 km, among which the high risk zone reaches 30.28%, and the distance of basically no risk zone is 270 km, making up 21.1%. The analysis results are reasonable and reliable through field verification.
2023 Vol. 32 (1): 113-119 [
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71
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986KB] (
91
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120
ON-SITE DETERMINATION OF 20 ELEMENTS IN GEOLOGICAL SAMPLES BY ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY
LI Li-jun, HE Lian, MA Jian-sheng, ZHANG Yu-jin
To improve the efficiency of mineral exploration and shorten the anomaly verification period, it is of practical significance to determine geological samples quickly in field. The energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) is used to study the on-site determination of 20 elements such as Cu, Pb and Zn in geological samples. The uncertainty of the method is evaluated. Through performance verification of the method, the quality control indexes of all elements in the geological samples conform with the requirements of
Quality Management Standard for Geological and Mineral Laboratory Testing
(DZ/T 0130-2006). The comparison results of uncertainty evaluation further verify the reliability of the method. The test results of samples in field are consistent with those in laboratory, confirming the applicability of the method for anomaly verification and efficiency increasing of geochemical exploration. The method can meet the requirements of rapid batch determination of 20 elements in field geological samples.
2023 Vol. 32 (1): 120-126 [
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33
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919KB] (
92
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